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Impact of Industrialization

Explore how industrialization changed life with factories paying more than farms, urbanization, poor living conditions, and harsh working conditions. Discover the effects on the middle and working classes, immediate benefits, and long-term impacts. Also, learn about the plight of children in Manchester factories.

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Impact of Industrialization

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  1. Impact of Industrialization Unit 6, SSWH 15 a

  2. Industrialization Changes Life • Factories pay more than farms, spur demand for more expensive goods • Urbanization—city-building and movement of people to cities • Growing population provides work force, market for factory goods • British industrial cities: London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool

  3. Living Conditions • Sickness widespread; epidemics, like cholera, sweep urban slums • Life span in one large city is only 17 years • Wealthy merchants, factory owners live in luxurious suburban homes • Rapidly growing cities lack sanitary codes, building codes • Cities also without adequate housing, education, police protection

  4. Working Conditions • Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round • Work was very boring, same thing everyday • Factories didn’t have safety standards: dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers • Many coal miners killed by coal dust • Govt didn’t provide aid to assist injured workers • Women and children hired first (cheaper & complained less)

  5. Middle Class • Middle class—skilled workers, merchants, rich farmers, professionals • Emerging middle class looked down on by landowners, aristocrats • Middle class has comfortable standard of living, lives in the suburbs

  6. Working Class • Laborers’ lives not improved; some laborers replaced by machines • Unemployment a serious problem; unemployed workers riot

  7. Immediate Benefits • Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress • Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve • Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions

  8. Long-Term Effects • Improved living and working conditions still evident today • Governments use increased tax revenues for urban improvements

  9. Children in Manchester Factories • Children as young as 6 work in factories; many are injured • 1819 Factory Act restricts working age, hours • Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river • Nonetheless, Manchester produces consumer goods and creates wealth

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