1 / 50

THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION. Reformation Europe (Late 16 c ). Counter Reformation Approach #1. The Inquisition Spanish and Roman Believed they were saving people’s souls Burned at the stake and other torture techniques Persecution of Jewish and Muslim converts

shika
Download Presentation

THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

  2. ReformationEurope(Late 16c)

  3. Counter Reformation Approach #1 • The Inquisition • Spanish and Roman • Believed they were saving people’s souls • Burned at the stake and other torture techniques • Persecution of Jewish and Muslim converts • Those who confessed or were found guilty were pronounced together in a public ceremony at the end of all the processes. Penances might consist of a pilgrimage, a public scourging, a fine, or the wearing of a cross.

  4. Approach #2 • Missionaries • Jesuits • Swear oaths of loyalty to the Pope • Loyolaand The Spiritual Exercises • Missions in the New World

  5. Approach #3 Council of Trent Would not reconcile with Protestants Curbed abuses with indulgences Set up new schools for clergy Confirmed the authority of the Pope Defined Church teachings in the areas of Scripture and Tradition, Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, the Eucharist in Holy Mass and the veneration of saints

  6. Approach #4 • Index of Prohibited Books • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_S81oSR2AA

  7. The Baroque • See Other power point

  8. Tenets of the Roman Catholic Church • Hierarchy

  9. The RCC • Transubstantiation • Indulgences • Worship of Saints • Sources of authority: Bible and High Church Officials • Purgatory • Clerical celibacy • Monasticism

  10. The RCC • 7 Sacraments • Baptism, • Confirmation, • Holy Communion, Confession, • Marriage, • Holy Orders, • and the Anointing of the Sick

  11. Problems within the Church in the 16th Century • Role Plays • Papal Behavior http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfpRk9FOFeg Pope Alexander VI

  12. What does this image reveal about the status of the RCC on the eve of the Reformation?

  13. The Babylonian Captivity • The Great Schism • Jan Hus • John Wyclif • Summary of what they believed or were about • Explain how they or it would have weakened the RCC before Martin Luther

  14. Tetzel • Staunch Catholic • Sold Indulgences for the St. Peter’s Cathedral • “A Coin in the Coffer Rings, a soul from Purgatory springs!” • Grand Inquisitor • Condemned for embezzlement • Later found not guilty

  15. Cards for Calvin and Zwingli • Where are they from and where did they establish religious communities • Beliefs about salvation • Beliefs about the sacrament • Beliefs about the ideal society • Beliefs about the separation of church and state • Other….

  16. Cards for Calvin and Zwingli • Years living • Ideas about salvation • 3 additional ideas about religion (beliefs) • Where they established their model religious communities

  17. Knox • Scottish Reformer • Presbyterian Church • Called for the death of Mary, Queen of Scotland • Influenced by John Calvin • "None have I corrupted, none have I defrauded; merchandise have I not made.“

  18. Anabaptists • No infant baptism • Women could hold church offices • Mistreated • Model or utopian communities • Tolerant of other religions

  19. http://www.henryviiiandthetudors.co.uk/quiz.htm • What do the clothes suggest about this person’s social status? • What does the artist want you to think of this person? • What characteristics or personality traits might this person possess?

  20. The Tudors • Family Tree • How long did the family reign? • How many female rulers were there in the Tudor dynasty? • How many wives did Henry VIII have? • Identify two additional things that the timeline teaches you.

  21. New Inventions in Tudor times • Tennis • Sugar • Carpet • First shopping mall • First flushing toilet • Upholstered furniture

  22. Life in Tudor England • The average person drank 8 pints of “weak beer” per day (even children). • 9 out of 10 people died before age 40. • Bathing was considered unhealthy. • People wanted their teeth to rot to prove that they could afford sugar. • Girls could marry at age 12 and boys 14; they had to live with their parents until age 16 though.

  23. Henry VIII • "His Majesty is the handsomest potentate I ever set eyes on; above the usual height, with an extremely fine calf to his leg, his complexion fair and bright, with auburn hair, combed straight and short in the French fashion, and a round face so very beautiful that it would become a pretty woman, his throat was rather long and thick"

  24. The wives • http://www.henryviiiandthetudors.co.uk/wives.htm (info and children) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fadCAHjN-s

  25. Charles V 1500-1558 • He ruled over extensive domains in Central, Western, and Southern Europe; and the Spanish colonies in the Americas and Asia • Raised in the Netherlands • Charles was born and raised in the Netherlands, but spent most of his time as a monarch in Spain, leaving his German provinces to be governed by Hapsburg cousins • "Plus Ultra", "Even Further" • Staunch Catholic • 40 Year Reign

  26. Charles V • Age of Exploration and colonies • Reformation • Ottoman Turks encroaching on Southeastern Europe • Most significant enemies, from his point of view, were Catholic France and the Moslem Turks.

  27. Charles V • Why would he allow limited Protestant practice in the Holy Roman Empire? • Why would the spread of Protestantism be a threat to him politically? • Imperial army sacked Rome in 1527 and drove the Pope into exile because he allied himself with Charles' enemy Francis I.

  28. Charles V • Reinstated power of the nobles in Spain • Wealthy Spain during his reign…but the beginning of the end (gold and silver from the New World to fight his wars)

  29. Charles V • Retired to a monastery in 1556 • Died in 1558

  30. German Peasants’ WarDBQ • On the back of the Venn • Causes and Reactions (cite the documents) • Each team member should site bias that he or she sees in a document

  31. Martin Luther • The man, the myth, the legend! • http://video.pbs.org/video/1379563195/ • 5 things learned every 10 minutes

  32. CAUSES • Worldliness – luxurious and materialistic lifestyles of popes and high clergy • Nepotism – appointing relatives to Church positions to the Church regardless of ability • Simony– buying and selling of Church positions • Indulgences– accepting $ for Church pardons

  33. CAUSES • Clerical pluralism– holding more than one office • Clerical ignorance– many priests were illiterate • Clerical immorality– gambling, drinking, concubines of women POPE ALEXANDER VI (1492-1503)

  34. DECLINE IN PAPAL PRESTIGE • Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377) – Popes lived in Avignon under French Kings • Great Schism (1378-1417) – struggle for Church Supremacy – rival popes Avignon and Rome claim to be the true Pope (3 Popes??? Authority???) • Conciliar Movement– periodic councils, assemblies to reform the Church

  35. CONCIL OF CONSTANCE 1414- 1418 Three objectives END SCHISM WIPE OF HERESY ELECT A NEW POPE MARTIN V (1417-1431)

  36. Satire on Popery 1555

  37. POWER OF THE RCC • Middle Ages (500-1500) – civilizing agent • Missionaries – converted the pagan population • Hospitals – care for the sick • Cathedrals and Monasteries – centers for learning • Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne 800 C.E. – foundations of the HRE • Papal States – Pepin the Short (714?-68) granted land to the Pope

  38. HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE • HRE – “The HRE was neither Holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire” – Voltaire • Originally Charlemagne “Emperor of the Romans” • Loose confederation of 300+ States • Holy Roman Emperor elected by 7 Elector States • Hapsburg Family – Austria – Powerful (1440-1806)

  39. CHALLENGES TO POWER • Investiture Controversy– power struggle kings and popes during the Middle Ages • 1075 Pope Gregory VII – only the Pope could name Bishops • German King Henry IV challenged the decree claiming Kings had the right to name Bishops • King Henry IV excommunicated – eventually back down

  40. LUTHER’S PREDECCSORS • John Wycliffe(1328?-1384) – English Priest • Condemned the wealth and worldliness of the RCC • Bible highest religious authority • Translated the Bible into English • Denounced by the Pope – followers Lollards harshly persecuted

  41. MARTIN LUTHER • Martin Luther • Great Man? • OR • Man of His Times?

  42. WHY WAS LUTHER SUCCESSFUL? Social Political Religious Intellectual Technology Economic

  43. REFORMATION THEOLOGY • Reformo – latin “to form again, mold anew, or revive” • “Scripture alone” – Bible sole authority, salvation cannot be bought and sold • “Faith alone” – Salvation through God’s grace not good works • “Christ alone” – No other mediator b/w God and humanity, rejects the hierarchy of the RCC • “Glory of God alone” – vocation • Bible translated into Vernacular (Luther’s German Bible)

  44. CONSEQUENCES • End of a united Christendom • Brutal, bloody wars of religion, religious persecution • Religious, Social, Political conflicts intermingled • Emphasis on education – establishment of modern languages (German, English) not Latin • Confiscation of Church lands increased power for rulers • New emphasis place on family and marriage

  45. CONSEQUENCES • Counter Reformation – RCC reaffirmation of traditional Catholic theology • Growth of Capitalism – material success a sign of Grace, moral discipline, and individualism • Italy, Spain, Austria, Hungary, Poland, S. Germany (Catholic) • N. Germany, Baltic region (Lutheran) • Scotland, Switzerland, Holland (Calvinist) • England (Anglican)

  46. CONSEQUENCES • DID LUTHER SAVE OR DESTROY THE RCC?

More Related