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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Heart Physiology. CARDIAC CYCLE. Systole Atria Contract, Ventricles Fill Ventricles Contract, Blood Forced into Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk Diastole Atria Relax & Fill Ventricles Passively Receive Blood from the Atria. BLOOD PRESSURE.

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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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  1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Heart Physiology

  2. CARDIAC CYCLE • Systole • Atria Contract, Ventricles Fill • Ventricles Contract, Blood Forced into Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk • Diastole • Atria Relax & Fill • Ventricles Passively Receive Blood from the Atria

  3. BLOOD PRESSURE • BP = pressure blood exerts on inner blood vessel walls • BP keeps blood moving between heart contractions • BP rises & falls in response to heart contraction & relaxation

  4. BLOOD PRESSURE • Systole • Contraction of ventricles causes arterial pressure to rise • Systolic pressure (SBP) is the maximum pressure during contraction

  5. BLOOD PRESSURECONTINUED • Diastole • Relaxation and refilling of ventricles while semilunar valves are closed • Arterial pressure drops as blood flows “downstream” • Diastolic pressure (DBP) is the minimum pressure just before the next systole

  6. Average BP = 120/80 • Arterial surge in pressure = Pulse • Pulse rate usually = heart rate • Average adult pulse = 60-80 BPM

  7. CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART • Specialized Cardiac Muscle Tissue • Capable of Generating & Conducting Action Potentials • Autorhythmic • Stimulates Contraction of Myocardial Tissue

  8. CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART continued • 5 Components: • Sinoatrial Node(Pacemaker) • Right Atrium • Spontaneously Depolarize • Activates Atrial Contraction • Origin of Heart Beat • Action Potential Spreads to:

  9. CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART continued • Atrioventricular (AV) Node • Rt. atrium (interatrial septum) • Action potential spreads to: • Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His) • Only electrical pathway between atria & ventricles (C.T.Block) • Interventricular septum • Carries action potential through interventricular septum to:

  10. CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART continued • Bundle Branches (Left & Right ) • Interventricular septum • Carries action potential toward respective ventricles • Purkinje Fibers • Myocardium of Ventricles • Conduct action potentials to ventricular myocardium

  11. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG/EKG) • Record of Electrical Changes in Heart Muscle • Electrical Changes due to Depolarization & Repolarization of Cardiac Muscle Fibers • Metal Electrodes Applied to Skin, Attached to Physiograph, Pick-up Electrical Activity • Normal Cardiac Cycle Gives Rise to Characteristic “Waves”

  12. ELECTROCARIDOGRAM (ECG/EKG) continued • P Wave • SA Node Stimulates Atrial Depolarization • Occurs Prior to Atrial Contraction • QRS Complex • Ventricular Depolarization • More Tissue, More Electrical Activity, Larger Wave • Occurs Prior to Ventricular Contraction • T Wave • Ventricular Repolarization

  13. HEART SOUNDS • Caused by Closing of Heart Valves • AV Valves • prevent blood from flowing backwards into atria • “Lubb” • Semilunar Valves • prevent blood from flowing backwards into ventricles • “Dupp”

  14. HEART MURMURS • Abnormal sound • Often indicates valve disorder • Causes: • Congenital defects • Scarring • Insufficiency/Backflow

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