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Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia. Invertebrates 95% - 97% of all animals! Lack nerve cord protected by bony covering Vertebrates 3%-5% of all animals Have bony covering over nerve cord. Animal Complexity. What MAJOR characteristics of animals determine their complexity? What do you think?.

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Kingdom Animalia

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  1. Kingdom Animalia • Invertebrates • 95% - 97% of all animals! • Lack nerve cord protected by bony covering • Vertebrates • 3%-5% of all animals • Have bony covering over nerve cord

  2. Animal Complexity • What MAJOR characteristics of animals determine their complexity? • What do you think?

  3. MAJOR characteristics of complexity • 1. # of Germ Layers • 2. Body Symmetry • 3. Cephalization • 4. Segmentation • 5. Coelom – Absence/Presence • 6. Embryonic Development

  4. Specialized Cells and Germ Layers • As organisms get more advanced they have more cell specialization, tissues, and organs • More advanced organisms have three germ layers • Ectoderm- Outside Layer • Mesoderm- Middle Layer • Endoderm- Inner layer

  5. Body Symmetry • Asymmetry- no specific shape • Radial Symmetry- Symmetry along and plane around an organism • Bilateral Symmetry- A single imaginary plane could divide the organism in two Asymmetry (no symmetry)

  6. Cephalization • Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells in the front of the body • Leads to development of nerve cord

  7. Segmentation • Separate segments (parts) to an organism • Having major different segments is most complex

  8. CoelomPronounced See-Loam • Coelom- Body Cavity • True coelom (coelomate) leads to complex organ systems

  9. Protostome- blastula develops into the mouth first Deuterostome- blastula develops into the anus first; mouth second Chordates and Echinoderms (more advanced organisms) are deuterostomes Embryonic Development

  10. Figure 32.7 A comparison of early development in protostomes and deuterostomes

  11. Reproduction • Asexual – Budding/Regeneration • Hermaphroditic – male & female gametes • Separate Sexes

  12. Invertebrate Overview:Kingdom Animalia(The Actual Order of Complexity) Phylum Porifera -sponges Phylum Cnidaria -jellyfish, sea anemones Phylum Platyhelminthes -tapeworms, flukes Phylum Nematoda -pinworms, Ascaris *Phylum Mollusca -clams, squid, octopi *Phylum Annelida -earthworms, leeches Phylum Arthropoda -insects, crayfish Phylum Echinodermata -starfish, sand dollars *could reorder these two

  13. Phylum Porifera • Ex. Sponges • Multicellular WITHOUT TISSUES • Hermaphroditic • Heterotrophic filter feeders • Asymmetrical • No cephalization present • No coelom • Basic body parts: ostia, spongocoel, osculum, choanocytes with flagella Actor Real Sponge Bob

  14. Phylum Cnidaria • Ex. Jellyfish • Two germ layers: ectoderm and endoderm • No cephalization • No coelom • Soft, sac-like body plan, two way digestion (with one opening – mouth) • Two body forms: sessile polyp and free-swimming medusa • Basic body parts: bell, cnidocytes (stinging cells) with nematocysts, tentacles, gastrovascular cavity, gonads Jellyfish Phylum Cnidaria Phylum Porifera

  15. Phylum Platyhelminthes • Ex: tapeworms • Three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm • Bilateral symmetry • Cephalization is present • No coelom – acoelomates!!!! • Use diffusion to transport materials through body • Mouth forms first – protostomes • Basic body parts: mouth, pharynx, intestine, ganglia –primitive ‘brain’, flame cells - rid of waste • Cut one in half (lengthwise) – it will grow back!!!!

  16. Phylum Nematoda • Ex. Pinworms • Three germ layers present – ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm • unsegmented • Bilateral symmetry • Cephalization present • Pseudocoelom present • Mouth forms first – protostome • Basic body parts: mouth, anus, intestines

  17. Phylum Mollusca • Ex. Clam, squid • Three germ layers present: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm • Have an external or internal shell for support • Bilateral symmetry • Cephalization present • Has a TRUE COELOM • Mouth develops first – protostome • Basic body parts: gills, specialized “foot”

  18. Phylum Annelida • Ex: earthworm • Three germ layers present • Bilateral symmetry present • Cephalization present • True coelom present • Closed circulatory system • Mouth develops first – protostome • Basic body parts: mouth, anus, specialized intestine, segments

  19. Phylum Arthropoda • Ex. Insects, spiders, crayfish, millipedes, centipedes • Three germ layers present • Exoskeleton present that requires molting (shedding) • “Jointed appendages” • Bilateral symmetry • Cephalization present • True coelom present • Mouth forms first • Basic body parts: head, thorax, abdomen, (or cephalothorax and abdomen), spiracles and tracheae, open circulatory system

  20. Phylum Echinodermata • Ex: starfish • 3 germ layers present • Biradial symmetry in adults • No cephalization in adults • True coelom present • Anus forms first – deuterostome!!! • Basic body parts: spiny skin, endoskeleton, water vascular system, tube feet

  21. AKS Log Book • Work questions 1-4 in the log book • Use CP Ch 26-29 & Notes • For vocab – NOT ALL IS IN THE BACK OF THE BOOK!

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