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Unit 13: New Imperialism

Late 1800s - early 1900s. Unit 13: New Imperialism. Old vs. New. Old Imperialism European powers built trading stations, did not acquire territory Cooperated with local rulers New Imperialism (late 1800s - early 1900s) Favored direct conquest and formal empire

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Unit 13: New Imperialism

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  1. Late 1800s - early 1900s Unit 13:New Imperialism

  2. Old vs. New • Old Imperialism • European powers built trading stations, did not acquire territory • Cooperated with local rulers • New Imperialism (late 1800s - early 1900s) • Favored direct conquest and formal empire • Entire continents under European Influence

  3. Causes for Imperial Conquests 1. Military & naval bases • Protect global interests 2. Economic opportunity • New markets & raw materials (2nd industrial rev) 3. Nationalism • More respect & pride for country

  4. The Scramble for Africa

  5. Based Social Darwinism • survival of the fittest between countries • some races (white) are superior • “White Man’s Burden” • white man’s responsibility (or burden) to bring progress & what’s right to poorer, uncivilized peoples Rudyard Kipling’s poem

  6. What Happened to Africa? • 1880: • Europeans controlled 10% of Africa • 1914: • Europeans controlled everything except • Liberia & Ethiopia

  7. Berlin Conference - 1884 • European countries DID NOT want to fight each other for African land • Berlin Conference • Establishes rules for African division • No consideration for ethnic borders or native language boundaries • No African rulers invited

  8. The Suez Canal • Suez Canal: • British occupation of Egypt • “Lifeline to India” • Helped ensure British global control

  9. Age of Imprialism Imperialism in India

  10. First British Presence • Power of local Indian rulers decreased 1600s-1700s • British gov’t. gave the British East India Company (BEIC) power to run India • BEIC hired Indian soldiers (SEPOYS) to protect interests

  11. Sepoy Mutiny - 1857 • British forced Sepoysto violate caste system • Using new gun • Sepoys bite the tip off the cartridge, which were dipped in animal fat • Breaking caste = Sepoys “untouchables” • 1857: Sepoys revolt

  12. End of the Sepoy Mutiny • 1857-58Sepoys killed British officers & tried to restore local Indian rule • England took control of India from BEIC • Gov’t. of India Act = Queen Victoria India’s Empress • More British reforms • modern education (train Indian civil servants) • economic reforms (telegraphs, irrigation, railroads, tea plantations)

  13. Indian National Congress - 1885 • Educated Indians demanded equality & self-gov't. • Issues w/ religion • most members were Hindu & voiced specific Hindu concerns • Mohandas Gandhi (early 1900s) • peaceful, non-violent resistance • force British to improve conditions • India became independent in 1946 (just after WWII)

  14. New Imperialism Results 1) New borders that ignored traditional boundaries 2) Abuse of indigenous peoples & their resources 3) Natives lost cultural identity 4) Modern systems put in place • Communications, railroads, sanitation, etc.

  15. New Imperialism in Latin America & the End Results • Problems with colonial class divisions 1) Peninsulares 2) Creoles 3) Mestizos • When Napoleon conquered Europe, Spanish & Portuguese control of Latin America was weakened

  16. Jose de San Martin & Simon Bolivar: “The Liberators of South America” • Creoles from South America • Wanted the Spanish 100% gone • Raised forces to defeat the Spanish • Concert of Europe wanted a joint effort to defeat them – Britain said no!!!!!!

  17. The Monroe Doctrine • U.S. president James Monroe • Guaranteed Latin American independence from Europe • Warned against any European action(s) in the Americas • Britain still “got in” b/c of their naval power

  18. Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine

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