CH. 7-3 THE INDUSTRIAL NORTH

1. CH. 7-3 THE INDUSTRIAL NORTH AMERICAN HISTORY

2. The industrial revolution • Birth of modern industry and the social changes that accompanied it. • Occurred between the mid-1700s to the mid-1800s • Began in Great Britain’s textile industry • A series of inventions mechanized both spinning and weaving • Power for machines was derived from running water and steam • Increased the amount of goods produced

3. THE NORTH INDUSTRIALIZES • British made it illegal for anyone with knowledge of industrial machines to leave the country • Samuel Slater VIOLATED this law when he brought knowledge of these machines to America • Slater and Moses Brown built a spinning mill on the Blackstone River in RI. • Their successful mill marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the USA

4. LOWELL • The Industrial Revolution spread through New England • 1813—Waltham, MA—the first factory to include all the processes of cloth production under one roof. • Lowell, MA was the center of production • Named for Francis Lowell—a wealthy Boston textile merchant • 40 mill buildings and 10,000 looms • People visited from other countries

5. Majority of the workers were young women • Most of them were recruited from local farms • Made good wages but worked long hours—14 hours per day, 6 days a week • These people became known as LOWELL GIRLS • THE REVOLUTION SPREADS • The revolution spread between industries

6. 1830s—steam engines became better and widely available • Industrialization in the North led to urbanization • People left the farm and moved to cities to work in the mills • 1820—7% of population lived in cities • Within 30 years that percentage doubled

7. TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION • Businesses needed ways to transport raw materials and finished goods • ROADS AND CANALS • 1811—construction begins on the National Road • 1841—road completed • 800 miles from Cumberland, MD to Vandalia, IL • Most roads very crude • By 1840—a network of road connected most cities and towns in the USA promoting travel and trade

8. 1825—Erie Canal opened—363 miles long • Connected the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean • Provided a quick and economical way to ship manufactured goods • THE STEAMBOAT • First successful steamboat service run by Robert Fulton • 1807—regular passenger service on the Hudson River • Within a decade steamboats were puffing up and down the Ohio, Mississippi, and other rivers

9. THE RAILROAD • First steam-powered train made its first trip in 1830 • It wasn’t a long trip because there was only 23 miles of track. • By 1840 there were about 3,000 miles of track • “The Iron Horse” became the most important component of American Transportation.

10. ADVANCES IN COMMUNICATION • 1811—German printer used steam to power a printing press • Steam-powered presses made printing faster and increased the volume of work done • 1800—fewer than 1,000 post offices • 1840—more than 12,000 post offices • Greatest advancement in communication was the brainchild of SAMUEL F. B. MORSE • 1840—he patented the first practice telegraph • TELEGRAPH—a device that sends messages using electricity through wires.

11. Communication by telegraph was instantaneous • Newspapers, railroads, and other businesses were quick to grasp its advantages • Telegraph wires crisscrossed the country. • The Industrial Revolution was accompanied by a transportation revolution and a communications revolution • THE END