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War of 1812

War of 1812. Eagle is challenged Called “Second War for Independence”. Causes of the War of 1812. 1. Freedom of the Seas neutrals had the right to trade with anyone France and England did not accept this - @ war! both need American aid demanded exclusive rights.

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War of 1812

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  1. War of 1812 • Eagle is challenged • Called “Second War for Independence”

  2. Causes of the War of 1812 1. Freedom of the Seas • neutrals had the right to trade with anyone • France and England did not accept this - @ war! • both need American aid • demanded exclusive rights

  3. Causes of the War of 1812 2. Impressment of Sailors • merchant ships were being stopped by British Royal Navy • taking British sailors off of American ships • would “impress” Am. Sailors into the Royal Navy

  4. Causes of the War of 1812 3. Land Crazed War Hawks • wanted more land for America expansion • Midwest was “Great American Dessert” • British Canada and Spanish Florida • willing to go to war • Henry “Henry of the West” Clay - Kentucky • John C. Calhoun - S. Carolina John C. Calhoun

  5. Causes of the War of 1812 4. Trouble on the Frontier • Shawnee Tecumseh and brother, Tenskwatawa “the Prophet” • envisioned Indian confederation to prevent westward expansion in Ohio River Valley • large army of braves gathered @ Tippecanoe/Wabash River • Gen. William Henry Harrison meet Indians • defeated Indians and destroyed The Prophet’s town • Battle of Tippecanoe / “Old Tippecanoe” Tecumseh

  6. Congress calls movement a British scheme • supplying Indians with weapons Battle of Tippecanoe

  7. Causes of the War of 1812 4. National Honor • restricting freedom of seas and impressment challenged Am. Honor • fighting for respect • national honor at stake

  8. War of 1812 • President Madison Declared War • pushed by House Speaker Henry Clay • in his address to Congress • impressment • interference with neutral commerce • British alliances with western tribes • failed to mention real reasons • Am. Independence and honor • desire for more land - Canada Pres.. Madison

  9. War of 1812 • America is not ready for war • army of only 12,000 • West Point had not produced enough officers • turned to state militia • U.S navy small compared to Royal Navy

  10. War of 1812 • Divided nation • war support came from • west and land hungry southerners • anti -war fever from • New England States • called it “Mr. Madison’s War” • had important economic ties with British

  11. War of 1812 • Important Battles

  12. War of 1812 • Invasion of Canada fails • Am. Troops meet British troops @ Detroit • Indians join British forces • surround Am. Army @ Detroit • Am. Surrender without a fight • days before Indians massacred Am. @ Fort Dearborn • lost control of Northwest Territory

  13. War of 1812 • Naval Victories bolster morale 1. U.S.S. Constitution “Old Ironsides” defeat British ship Guerriere U.S.S. Constitution

  14. 2. Captain Oliver Hazard Perry • defeated small British fleet on Lake Erie • 3 hr battle • “We have met the enemy, and they are ours.” • US controls strategic water way Captain Oliver Perry

  15. War of 1812 • Battle of Thames • Gen. William Henry Harrison on the march • defeated British and Indian forces • Tecumeseh is killed - ends hope of Indian unity • win back Northwest Territory • marches onto York (Toronto) • burns capital of Canada to the ground • including Parliament building

  16. War of 1812 • Battle of Horseshoe Bend • Gen. Andrew Jackson fighting the Creek Indians • decisive victory in Alabama • opens the door for Southern states to expand later

  17. War of 1812 • Washington D.C. is burned • British marched in unopposed • retaliation for the burning of York • Dolly Madison saves picture of Washington

  18. War of 1812 • The Siege of Baltimore • Americans successfully defend the city and Fort McHenry • Francis Scott Key writes “The Star Spangled Banner” (1931)

  19. War of 1812 • The Treaty of Ghent • doesn’t decide issues that lead to war • restores the pre-war status quo 1. boundaries between Canada and US are set 2. demilitarizes the Great Lakes 3. Oregon Territory placed under joint rule for the next 10 years

  20. The Battle of New Orleans • unaware that peace was made British attack • Gen. Andrew Jackson is heavily outnumbered • defend New Orleans with an elaborate system of fortification - “cotton barrels” • after two British frontal assaults - Am. Inflict massive losses

  21. The Battle of New Orleans

  22. The Battle of New Orleans • Jackson “Old Hickory” becomes American hero! “In 1814 we took a little trip, Along with Colonel Jackson down the Might Mississip. We took a little bacon and we took a little beans, And fought the Bloody British in the town of New Orleans.”

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