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Cold War Ideologies: Containment and Competition

Explore the ideological struggle of the Cold War from 1945 to 1991 between the Soviet Bloc and Western democracies, encompassing espionage, arms race, and proxy wars. Learn about the bi-polarization of Europe, Berlin Wall, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, Space Race, and conflicts like the Korean and Vietnam Wars.

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Cold War Ideologies: Containment and Competition

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  1. The Cold War 1945-1991

  2. The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations[“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan] GOAL spread world-wide Communism • METHODOLOGIES: • Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] • Arms Race [nuclear escalation] • Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” • Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

  3. The Division of Berlin

  4. The Bipolarization of Europe

  5. George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENTGoals Means Actual Application • Restorationof the balance of power Encouragement of self-confidence in nations threatened by Soviet expansion. Long-term program of U.S. economic assistance [Marshall Plan] Exploitation of tensions in international communism. Cooperation with communist regimes; [supporting Titoism in Yugoslavia] • Reduction of Soviet ability to project outside power.

  6. George Kennan [“X Article”]: CONTAINMENTGoals Means Actual Application • Modification of the Soviet concept of international relations. Negotiating settlement of outstanding differences. Using “carrots & sticks’; containing Germany with an embrace and Russia at arms length.

  7. National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

  8. YALTA (in the USSR) Date: Feb 1945 Present: Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin

  9. POTSDAM (Germany)Date: July 1945Present: Churchill, Truman and Stalin

  10. Berlin Wall • Berlin is Germany’s capital city. • The Soviets built the wall to keep communists from escaping to the American sector.

  11. Berlin Wall

  12. Wall came down in 1989

  13. Marshall Plan • USA’s plan to send food, blankets, fuel to Europe to help them. AND to keep them from turning communist.

  14. Berlin blockade led toBerlin Airlift

  15. Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 promised that the USA “would support free peoples who are resisting” communism. This led to containment – policy of containing communism where it is.

  16. Space Race • The USA and the Soviet Union raced as the world watched to be the first to conquer space. • Russians put the first man in space. • USA plans to beat the Russians to the moon.

  17. Apollo program • USA spent the 60’s trying to catch up to the Soviets.

  18. Domino Theory

  19. Korean War[1950-1953]

  20. Korean War[1950-1953] Kim Il-Sung Syngman Rhee “Domino Theory”

  21. The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]

  22. Vietnam, 1968

  23. Vietnam War 1960s-1973 • Through the Kennedy years, US troops trained S. Vietnamese troops to fight the Reds. • After the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, under LBJ, US troops started to fight more.

  24. Seeing this on TV led to a loss of support at home

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