Exploring the Animal Kingdom: Characteristics, Behaviors, and Adaptations

1. Unit 5 Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Animalia – Complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms

2. Animal Kingdom Characteristics • Most complex of all kingdoms • Multicellular (made of many cells) • Obtain energy by eating food - Heterotrophic/Consumers • Usually Reproduce Sexually • Able to move • Eukaryotic – cells have a nucleus but no cell wall or chloroplast • Have Specialized Parts: • CellsTissuesOrgansOrgan SystemsOrganisms

3. Animal Behaviors • Innate Behavior - (NOT learned) behaviors that are influenced by genes -an animal is born KNOWING how to do something…. (-fish – swim and birds – fly)

4. Animal Behaviors • Learned Behavior- behaviors that have to be taught or observed -Speech is innate in humans, but the particular language (English, French….) you speak is learned.

5. Body PlansAnimals Have 3 Body Plans

6. Body Plans • Asymmetrical – No Symmetry • Radial Symmetry – body is organized around a central point • Bilateral Symmetry – (Bi = 2) One half is exactly like the other half

7. Animals Have Adaptations Adaptation – a characteristic, a behavior, or any inherited trait that makes a species able to survive and reproduce in a particular environment (include structures or behaviors for finding food, for protection, and for moving from place to place) Examples – Camouflage, Mimicry, Outer Coverings, ect…) • lizard’s legs allow it to move on land • polar bears fur allow it to survive in cold areas • strawberry dart-poison frog’s bright coloring warns predators that it is poisonous

8. Homeostasis Homeostasis – the maintenance of a stable internal environment Humans sweat and shiver to help maintain an internal constant temperature Brainpop - Homeostasis

9. Categories of Animals • INVERTEBRATE-An animal that does not have a backbone • 2)VERTEBRATE-An animal that has a backbone and a skull

10. Categories of Animals

11. INVERTEBRATESBill Nye Invertebrates

12. Invertebrates • Invertebrates - Brainpop • Sponges • Cnidarians • Worms • Mollusks • Echinoderms • Arthropods

13. SPONGES

14. Sponges - Invertebrate • Means “having pores” • Simplest multi-cellular animals • Live in Water • Filter feeders • Sessile – live attached to one spot • Symmetry - Asymmetrical • Brain Pop - Sponges

15. CNIDARIANS

16. Cnidarians - Invertebrate • Soft, Sac-like body • Stinging Cells • Have a central opening surrounded by tentacles • Live in Water • Take in food and eliminate waste through the same opening • Ex: hydras, jelly fish, coral, sea anemones • Symmetry - Radial • Brainpop - Cnidarians

17. WORMS

18. Worms - Invertebrate • 1. Flatworms • 2. Roundworms • 3. Segmented worms • Animals with soft, • tube-shaped bodies • and a distinct head • Have a one way digestive system • Symmetry - Bilateral • Live inside other • animals (parasite), • in water or on land

19. MOLLUSKS

20. Mollusks - Invertebrate • Hard shell surrounding soft body parts • Muscular foot that allows them to move • and hunt for food • Live in water & damp places • Examples: Clams, Snail & Sea Scallop • Only a few do not have shells: Octopus & Sea slug • Symmetry - Bilateral • Brainpop – Molluskshttp://youtu.be/__XA6B41SQQ

21. Mollusks – InvertebrateBrainPop - Giant SquidThe giant squid can grow up to 59 feet in length and weigh over 992 pounds

22. WORMS ECHINODERMS

23. Echinoderms - Invertebrates • Means “spiny-skin” • Star shaped • Central opening for taking in food • Live in Water • Symmetry - Radial • Ex: Starfish, Sea Urchin • Sand Dollars, & Sea Stars

24. ARTHROPODS

25. Arthropods - Invertebrates • Makes up 75% of the Animal Kingdom • Symmetry – Bilateral • Have an exoskeleton (external skeleton) • exoskeleton – strong, flexible outer covering • Basic Characteristics: • -hard external skeleton • -segmented body • -jointed limbs • Ex: insects, milli & centipede, • spider, crab • Bill Nye InsectsBill Nye Spiders • BrainPop – InsectsBrainpop - Spiders

26. Arthropods - Invertebrates Some arthropods undergo metamorphosis Metamorphosis Video Clip Metamorphosis – the transformation of an animal from its larval form into its adult form

27. VERTEBRATES

28. Vertebrates • Vertebrates - Brainpop • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

29. Vertebrates • Have a backbone • Have well-developed brains protected by a skull • Have an endoskeleton -endoskeleton – an internal support system (internal skeleton)

30. Vertebrates • Can be endothermic or exothermic -exothermic (ectothermic) – COLD BLOODED – an animal whose body temperature changes with the OUTSIDE temperature -endothermic - WARM BLOODED - an animal whose body temperature remains THE SAME, no matter what the outside temperature is

31. WORMS FISH

32. Fish – Characteristics (pg. 431) • Largest group of vertebrates • Ectothermic - rely on the environment to regulate body temperature • Live in water • Breathe through gills • Have scales • Have fins • Have swim bladder which allows the fish to adjust to the depth at which it floats • Have a lateral line which is a sensory organ that allows the fish to sense vibrations from objects and other organisms around them

33. Fish - Adaptations • Lateral Line to sense predators and prey • Swim Bladder to regulate depth. • Scales for protection • Gills for breathing • Fins to help it swim • External fertilization – female fish release eggs into the water where they are fertilized by sperm (Sexual Reproduction) • Bill Nye Fish

34. 3 Groups of Fish • Jawless Fish • -lampreys and hagfish • Hagfish • 2. Cartilaginous Fish • -sharks, rays and skates • 3. Bony Fish • -catfish, bass, carp • Brainpop – Fish • Brainpop - Gills Lamprey Hagfish Ray Shark Carp Catfish

35. Jawless Fish Lampreys Hagfish

36. Cartilaginous Fish Sharks Rays and Skates

37. Bony Fish

38. AMPHIBIANS

39. Amphibians – Characteristics • First vertebrate to live on land • Ectothermic - rely on the environment to regulate body temperature • Smooth, moist skin • No Claws • Examples – Frogs, Salamanders, and Toads, and Caecilians

40. Amphibians – Characteristics • Must return to the water to reproduce • Lay their eggs in water (eggs will dry out if laid on land) • Undergo metamorphosis (Tadpoles breathe with gills will develop into a frog that breathe with lungs) • Brainpop – Amphibians • Wood Frogs

41. Caecilians Caecilians are a legless, tailless tropical amphibian. Though eel-like or earthworm-like in appearance, they are neither of these. They have vertebrate characteristics such as jaws and teeth. Their eyes are nearly functionless and even non-existant on some. They have a groove on either side of the head which contains a retractable sensory tentacle. Most are between 5 to 14 inches long and 1/4 to 1 inches in diameter.

42. Salamanders Hellbenders

43. Frogs and Toads Endangered Amphibians

44. REPTILES

45. Reptiles – Characteristics • Reptiles evolved (changed over time) from amphibians by adapting to life on dry land • Ectothermic • Scaly, dry skin • Have claws • Amniotic egg – egg can survive on land and not dry out • Bill Nye Reptiles

46. Reptiles – Adaptations • Dry, scaly skin • Lungs • Adapted to living on land • Lay eggs that have tough, leathery shells

47. Reptiles – Examples • Snakes Lizards • Turtles/Tortoises Alligators/Crocodiles

48. BIRDS

49. Birds – Characteristics • Endothermic – maintain a constant body temperature (homeostasis) • Have feathers • Most fly • Have a beak or bill • Have 4 limbs (2 legs and 2 wings) • Amniotic eggs with hard shell • Incubate their eggs • Brainpop - Birds

50. Birds – Adaptations • Hollow bones (make them light) • Hard beaks or bills to get food • Feathers (support flight) • Two legs