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Cardiovascular System

Chapter 7. Cardiovascular System. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System. angi/o angiogram vas/o vasospasm vascul/o vascular aort/o aortic. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System. arteri/o arteriosclerosis ather/o atheroma atri/o atrioventricular.

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Chapter 7 Cardiovascular System

  2. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System angi/o angiogramvas/o vasospasmvascul/o vascular aort/o aortic

  3. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System arteri/o arteriosclerosis ather/o atheroma atri/o atrioventricular

  4. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System cardi/o cardiology coron/o coronary my/o myocardial

  5. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System pector/o pectoralsteth/o stethoscope sphygm/o sphygmomanometer thromb/o thrombocyte

  6. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System ven/o venousphleb/o phlebitis varic/o varicosis

  7. Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System ventricul/o ventricular

  8. Cardiovascular System Overview • Consists of the heart and blood vessels • The heart pumps blood throughout the body • Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body

  9. The Heart • Muscular Organ • Hollow interior • Pumps blood throughout the body • Four chambers • Upper chambers • Lower chambers

  10. Structure of the Heart • Four Chambers • Right atrium (upper chamber) • Left atrium (upper chamber) • Right ventricle (lower chamber) • Left ventricle (lower chamber) • Septum — divides heart into right and left portions • Interatrial septum — separates the atria • Interventricular septum — separates the ventricles

  11. Structure of the Heart (continued) • Valves — Open and close with the heartbeat to maintain one-way flow of blood through the heart • tricuspid valve — located between right atrium and right ventricle • mitral (bicuspid) valve — located between left atrium and left ventricle • pulmonary semilunar valve — opening from right ventricle to pulmonary artery • aortic valve — located between left ventricle and aorta

  12. Layers of the Heart • endocardium • membrane that lines the interior cavities of the heart • myocardium • Thick, muscular layer • epicardium • Outer membrane • Pericardium is the loose, protective sac that surrounds and encloses the heart

  13. Structures of the Heart

  14. Blood Vessels • arteries • vessels that carry blood from the heart to arterioles • aorta • large artery branching from the left ventricle • arterioles • small vessels receive blood from the arteries

  15. Blood Vessels (continued) • capillaries • tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules • venules • small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins • veins • vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules

  16. Coronary Arteries

  17. Blood and Lymph Circulation

  18. Arteries

  19. Veins

  20. Blood Pressure • Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries, veins and heart chambers • Determined by the volume of blood, the space within the arteries and arterioles, and the force of the heart contractions

  21. Blood Pressure Terms • diastole • period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria • systole • period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery • normotension • normal blood pressure

  22. Blood Pressure Terms (continued) • hypotension • low blood pressure • hypertension • high blood pressure

  23. Blood Pressure Determination

  24. Conditions Causing Reduction of Blood Flow

  25. Types of Aneurysms

  26. Coronary Artery Disease

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