Discover Africa: Land of Wonders and Diversity

1. Africa

2. The African continent is cut almost equally in two by the equator.

3. Africa is the second largest continent on earth, occupying 20% of the Earth's land area.

4. Physical • Kilimanjaro is Africa’s tallest Mountains. It is one of a group of volcanic peaks formed by the Great Rift valley • 4 major rivers in Africa in size: Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi • Nile is the world’s longest river • Lake Victoria is world’s second largest lake after Lake Superior

5. The highest mountain in Africa is Mt Kilimanjaro (19,317 ft) in Tanzania.

6. Water • Victoria Falls is a waterfall in southern Africa on the Zambezi River • Lake Chad a shallow lake on the borders of Chad, Niger, and Nigeria in north central Africa.

7. Deserts • Sahara is the world’s longest desert (the size of the continental US) • Camels are the most reliable form of transportation • Namib Desert has the world’s tallest sand dunes, some reaching 1000 feet. which spreads beyond the borders of Namibia and flows into southern Angola and the northern Cape Province of South Africa. • The Kalahari Desert is found in Africa that is Botswana, South Africa and Namibia. Its supports more animals than a true dessert so grazing and agriculture are possible in a few areas. It is widely covered by reddish sand.

8. Serengeti • The Serengeti (Tanzania) hosts the world’s largest wildlife migration on Earth with over 750,000 zebra marching ahead of 1.2 million wildebeest as they cross this amazing landscape. • Africa has over 85% of the world’s elephants and over 99% of the remaining lions are on the African continent

9. North Africa • Has a scarcity of water due to desert; hard to grow food for the whole population • Occupied by the British then the French; many French speaking countries in North Africa due to colonization • Manufacturing increased quickly after the decline of European control • Tourism is important (Egypt, Morocco) but it is hard to supply water for hotels, pools and golf courses • Algeria is largest country in size

10. Africa • Page 528 in textbook • Page 515 in textbook

11. Morocco • Morocco, lies across the Strait of Gibraltar on the Mediterranean and looks out on the Atlantic from the northwest shoulder of Africa. Algeria is to the east and Mauritania to the south. • Constitutional monarchy. • Arabic is the official language • March 2, 1956 – Morocco declared independence from France

12. Morocco • Morocco is often thought of as desert, much of the country is covered by the Atlas Mountains and the Rif Mountains, though the Sahara desert does make up a portion of the country. • Casablanca is the largest city

13. Egypt • Egypt, at the northeast corner of Africa on the Mediterranean Sea, is bordered on the west by Libya, on the south by the Sudan, and on the east by the Red Sea and Israel. • Capital: Cairo • Language: Arabic (official) • Egypt is a very dry country. The Sahara and Libyan Desert make up most of the area of Egypt. • Most of its water supply is from surface water

14. Egypt • Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization, the Ancient Egyptians, who date back to around 3150 B.C. • Egypt is home the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. • Mount Catherine is the highest mountain in Egypt, standing 2,629m high • Suez Canal Page 366 in textbook

15. East Africa • Kenya – poor , most are subsistence farmers or cash crops, tourism is important economic activity • Djibouti’s location on Gulf of Aden makes it an important shipping center

16. Ethiopia • Archeologists have found the oldest known human ancestors in Ethiopia • Hunger is the most important problem due to drought • The capital of Ethiopia is Addis Ababa, which means "new flower" in Amharic. Largest country in size in East Africa • Oldest independent nation in Africa

17. Sudan • Location:     Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea • Arabic and English are the official languages of Sudan • Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, sits where the White Nile and the Blue Nile join together as the Nile and flow north to Egypt and into the Mediterranean. • Civil war between Sudan and South Sudan

18. Sudan Genocide • 2003- in Darfur • Sudan controlled by Arab Muslims • Arab militants known as Janjaweed attacked villages killing 200,000 (non Arab Muslim Africans) • One million misplaced creating refugee crisis • The president Omar al Bashir charged with war crimes and genocide

19. Somalia • Located on the outer edge of Somalia Peninsula, better known as the Horn of Africa, the benighted land of Somalia has one of the most horrendous histories in the world. Home to infamous pirates, warlords and militia, the lawless land of Somalia initially served as the commercial hub to ancient world sailors and merchants. • Mogadishu is the capital of Somalia.

20. Somalia • Somalia is the only Islamic country in the world that boasts of a 100% concentration of Sunni Muslims. • Somalia was colonized by both Britain and France before it gained independence in July 1, 1960.

21. Kenya • Kenya is located in East Africa, on the equator. • The capital and largest city is Nairobi. Mombasa is the second largest city. • the two official languages in Kenya are English and Swahili • Kenya shares Lake Victoria, the world's second largest fresh water lake, with Tanzania and Uganda.

22. Rwanda Genocide • Minority – Tutsis. Majority – Hutus • Airplane crash with president of Rwanda dying sparked the violence • Hutu controlled the govt and discriminated the Tutsis • 1994 almost a million civilians mostly Tutsis were killed over 100 days

23. Mt. Kilimanjaro, which is the tallest African peak, is located in Tanzania. • Tanzania is the largest country on the East African Coast. • Has a socialist economy, govt owns businesses and industries • Hot humid tropical savannah climate

24. West and Central Africa • -lies between Lake Chad and the Atlantic Ocean

25. West and Central Africa • They are decedents of the Bantu-speaking groups that lived almost 1,000 years ago • Swahili – language of the Bantu people • Nigeria is the largest country in West Africa and most populated country in Africa • Oil exports are most important to Nigeria’s economy

26. Madagascar • formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896 but regained independence in 1960. • Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique • Madagascar is the world's fourth largest island after Greenland, New Guinea, and Borneo.

27. Madagascar • the lemur is only found in the wild in Madagascar. As of 2012, there were 103 living species of lemur in Madagascar, including sub-species. The majority of these are classified as rare or endangered. • Madagascar has the 3rd largest coral reef system in the world, the Toliara coral reef, off the south-western coast.

28. Canary Islands • Canary Islands are a Spanisharchipelago located just off the southern coast of Morocco, • The official language of Canary Islands is Spanish. • Majority of the inhabitants of Canary Islands follow Christianity - they are predominantly Roman Catholics.

29. Enclave • an enclave is a country or part of a country lying wholly within the boundaries of another country. • In South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland • In Senegal - Gambia

30. Arab Spring • Page 378 in textbook • South Sudan – page 552 in textbook