Cardiovascular System

1. Cardiovascular System Components of the Cardiovascular System Generating & Measuring heart impulses

2. Cardiovascular System Components of the Cardiovascular System Generating & Measuring heart impulses

3. Cardiovascular System

4. Myths and Facts

5. Myths and Facts Emotions

6. Myths and Facts Spirits Life

7. Function of the system • With its massive infrastructure within our body, the • cardiovascular system is our very own transportation system. • As such, it has four (4) main functions: • To transportoxygen and carbon dioxide around the body • To distributenutrients and transport waste • To maintainbodytemperature • To circulatehormones

8. Types of Circulatory System “Closed” system “Open” system Our circulatory system is a “closed” system

9. Variation of Closed system Our circulatory system is a “complete, double” system incomplete, double complete, double complete, single De-oxygenated blood Mixed blood Oxygenated blood

10. Major Components of the System • STRUCTURE and FUNCTION • The circulatory system is made up of 3 components: • The heart (a pump) – that pushes blood through the vessels • Blood vessels • A fluid in which materials are transported (i.e. blood) heart blood vessels blood

11. Major Components of the System heart blood vessels blood

12. Organization of the System site of gas exchange Two (2) main circuits: a) The Pulmonary circuit – blood vessels that carry blood to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and then back to the heart. b) The Systemic circuit – blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood to the body tissues and deoxygenated blood back to the heart. A third minor circuit: c) The Coronary circuit– blood vessels surround the heart to provide it with oxygen pulmonary systemic site of gas exchange

13. The Heart 1. The heart is really a double pump separated in the middle by a wall called a septum. • The heart consists of 4 chambers. • two (2) top chambers = atriums, • two (2) bottom = ventricles. • The left side of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs & pumps it to the body. • The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood back from the body and pumps it to the lungs to pick up more oxygen. neck and head Vena cava left lung right lung Vena cava septum trunk and legs

14. The Blood Vessels Artery Vein blood exchange in the capillaries Arteriole Venule Capillary Blood from heart blood going to heart O2 CO2

15. The Blood Vessels • Arteries: blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. •  thick walls of muscular layers •  largest is the aorta that carry oxygenated blood to the body • Veins: blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. •  veins have thinner walls than arteries and contain valves to prevent • back flow of blood (i.e. so blood can be pumped against gravity). •  major veins are the vena cavasthat carry deoxygenated blood to • the right side of the heart. • Capillaries: very small blood vessels, red blood cells must travel single-file, • gases exchange across the walls of capillaries and into the • surrounding tissues. When tending wound, apply ice or cold solution to constrict blood flow!

16. The Blood Components • The average adult has about 5L of blood. • Blood is 55% liquid, called plasma and 45% cells (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets)

17. What is in the Heart? superior vena cava aorta left pulmonary vein right pulmonary vein left pulmonary artery right pulmonary artery right atrium left atrium Coronary circuit right ventricle left ventricle inferior vena cava http://www.sciencehelpdesk.com/unit/bg3/2

18. More heart parts Sinoatrial (S.A.) Node:  the pace maker of the heart.  beats are regulated at about 72 beats/min.  its activityistriggeredby the swelling of the atrial walls.  once activated, it triggers the A.V. node. Atriaventricle (A.V.) Node: isanother pace maker it prepares the fibres in the septum to contract the Right and Left Ventricles.

19. Valves: there are two (2) types of valves Atrioventricular valves:  located between the atria and ventricles.  has three or two flaps  these valves open when the atria contract,  once the ventricles have filled, the AV valves snap shut to prevents the backflow of blood to the atria. 2. Semi-lunar valves:  has three (2) flaps  these open when the ventricles contract.  on the right, blood is pumped to the pulmonary artery, and simultaneously on the left, blood is pumped into the aorta)  once completed, these valves snap shut to prevents the backflow of blood into the ventricles.

20. Circulatory Pathway in the Heart

21. Measuring the Heart Electrical Impulses Electrocardiography: Time (s) • ECG shows three (3) recognizable waves: • P wave – small wave immediately before atria contraction • QRS complex – complicated wave before ventricle contraction • T wave – when the ventricle relaxes and preparing for the next contraction event

22. More Facts …. (oh no!) “Lubb-dubb”: Heart sound ‘lubbdubb’ is the shutting of the two sets of valves respectively. Blood pressure: your pulse (feel as a surge of blood passes through your arteries.) d • Two (2) types of blood pressure: • Systolic pressure: when blood is pumped out of the left ventricle • Diastolic pressure: the pressure in the artery walls in a relaxation state • Q. What is happening in the heart during Diastolic Pressure? • The atria + ventricles are filling with blood.

23. Measuring Blood Pressure Sphygmomanometer • Blood pressure is measured in mm of Hg, • Blood pressure is written as: • systolic pressure • diastolic pressure • Normal blood pressure is 120/80.