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Period 2 600 BCE to 600 CE

Period 2 600 BCE to 600 CE. 2.1 Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions 2.2 Development of States & Empires 2.3 Emergence of Interregional Networks & Trade. 2.1 Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions. Judaism – Hebrew Monotheism, influenced by Meso

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Period 2 600 BCE to 600 CE

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  1. Period 2 600 BCE to 600 CE 2.1 Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions 2.2 Development of States & Empires 2.3 Emergence of Interregional Networks & Trade

  2. 2.1 Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions • Judaism – Hebrew Monotheism, influenced by Meso • Torah, Talmud = Scriptures  ethical rules • Conquered by Assyr., Babys, & Rom = Diaspora (spread) • Lots of small communities throughout SWAsia • Vedic (early Hindu) in South Asia • Sanskrit Scriptures, Reincarnation, Ritual Sacrifices, Brahma • Caste System = Social order

  3. 2.1 Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions • Buddhism – Gautama • Enlightenment thru 4 truths & 8-fold path • Reincarnation, Nirvana, Not Caste dependent, no ritual • Ashoka support = spread • Confucianism (no salvation = not religion; philosophy) • Kong Fu-zi, Analects, 5 Relationships • Period of Waring States, proper order = Social Harmony • Daoism – Philos, (L8r Relig) • Laozi, Tao TeChing, Balance nature & man = Harmony

  4. Influence of Daoism on China • Medical theories & practices • The whole person, herbs, • Alchemy (led to g-powder) • Poetry- infused nature • Metallurgy – led to improved iron/steel • Architecture – use of nature

  5. 2.1 Codification of Religious & Cultural Traditions • Christianity – teachings of Jesus, start w/Paul • Based on Judaism, w/Rom& Hellenistic ideas • Repressed by Rome early, l8r accepted, Constantine • Spread missionaries – SWAsia, Euro, Afr • Greco-Roman Philosophy • Based on Logic, observation • Stoicism

  6. Watch be sure you see where it started & where it spread

  7. Art/Architecture Reflect Religion Nalanda Buddhist Temple • Hindu art/architecture • Buddhist art/architecture • Christian art/architecture • Greco-Roman art/architecture Mosaic in Christian Church, Ravenna Italy Acropolis in Athens Coliseum of Rome Angkor Wat Cambodia Hindu Temple

  8. Religion & Social Structure • Gender- Monks both male & female • Still patriarchy, but some opportunity for women • Christian Monks • Buddhist Monks • Confucian filial piety

  9. Other Religions still in play • Shamanism – belief in spirits/gods led by shaman • Pastoral nomads, Africa, Asia, Americas • Animism – belief in nature has soul (plants, etc) & super natural forces (often linked w/Shamanism) • Shinto Japan, Pastoral nomads, Africa, Asia, Americas • Ancestor Veneration • China & Sub-AFRICA!

  10. 2.2 Development of States • Which States • How they ruled & unified

  11. Persian empires - SWAsia • Medes, Indo-Euro moved into Iran • Cyrus conquers Lydia, Meso & more • Toleration, Royal Road, Trade, Jews go home • Darius – Laws & Satrapies • Cambyses adds Egypt • Xerxes Non-toleration, Zoro., war with Greece, • Crushed by Alex 334 BCE • Gaugamela

  12. Qin • Shi Huangdi ends Per. Warring States • Qin Empire • Legalism, Conscripted Labor, High taxes • Large Pub. Works, Wall • Tomb • Destroys books

  13. Han empire 206 BCE – 220 CE • Liu Bang conquers Qin • Centralized control • Han Wudi adds territory • Imperial Uni., Confucianism • Legalism & Confuciansim • Land issues Wang Mang Socialist • Late Han – not as strong • Falls in 220 CE • Period of 3 Kingdoms • Like small scale Warring States

  14. Medit. Region • Phoenicia – East Med, 1500 – 320 BCE • Greeks City States 600 – 300 BCE • Hellenistic Society 300 – 100 CE • Mix of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, & Indian • Thanks to Alexander DIFFUSION & SYNCRETISM • Roman – 500 BCE to 40 CE, • Empire 40 BCE to 476 CE

  15. MesoAmer • Teotihuacan • City state • 200K • Built on trade • Theocratic? • Mayan • Several city-states • Theocratic • Human Sacrifice • Writing • +2 mill • Gone? • Ecological degradation, • Climatic Change? • Invasion by Mongols

  16. Andean Society • Moche • Chavin • Only comparison questions • Limited local trade • Theocracy

  17. North America • Chaco • Cahokia

  18. New Imperial Administrative Techniques • China- Legalism & Confucianism • Talented Admin Imperial Uni • Persia- (Achae.) – Satraps, Imperial Spies, tolerance • Rome- Republic & Empire, Citizenship, Tolerance • South Asia- • Maurya – Centralized, Arthrashustra, • Gupta – Decent., Tributary states

  19. States Promoted Trade & Projected Power • Making Currencies • Lydia, China, etc., cacao • Diplomacy • Han sent Xuanzhang to get allies • Supply Lines • Conquest of Taklamakan • Building Forts & Walls • Great Wall Early on • Building Roads • Roman Roads, Persian, China, • Recruiting Soldiers • Roman use of Germanics & Locals Gaul

  20. Cities – centers for trade, culture, & gov’t Know these: location & empire • Persepolis • Chang’an • Patilaputra • Athens • Carthage • Rome • Alexandria • Constantinople • Teotihuacan 2 6 8 4 5 7 9 1 3

  21. Social Structures • This is the general set up • In China a bit different

  22. Patriarchy the Norm

  23. Collapse of Empires • Internal Factors • Poor leadership, Social Tensions, Land Distribution, $$ Disparity • External Factors • Spread of disease, Invasions

  24. Make & Finish the Chart

  25. 2.3 Interregional Networks • Trade Routes • New Transportation Technologies • Exchange of Peeps, Tech, Culture, Food, Animals & Disease

  26. Land/H2O Routes

  27. Know these Trade Routes

  28. New Technologies for Trade Stirrup Saddle Yoke Lateen Sails Dhow

  29. Maritime Trade Technologies Dhow Lateen Sails Monsoon Winds

  30. Spread of Crops  New Ag. Techniques • Spread of Rice • Cotton • Qanát in SWAsia • Water Wheels • Noria, Sakia

  31. Spread of Disease • Effects on Roman Empire • Effects on Chinese Empire

  32. Religions Transformed • Christianity – Refined • Council of Nicaea, Arians, Nestorians • Papal Authority • Hinduism • Modern H. Salvation from any Caste • Buddhism • Chan China, Zen Japan

  33. End of Period 2 600 BCE – 600 CE

  34. Period 3 600 to 1450 CERegional & Interregional Interactions 3.1 Expansion/Intensification of Exchange Networks 3.2 Continuity & Innovation of State Forms & Interaction 3.3 Increased Ec. Production & Consequences

  35. Period 4 1450 to 1750 CEGlobal Interactions 4.1 Globalizing Networks & Exchange 4.2 New Social Organization & Modes of Production 4.3 State Consolidation & Imperial Expansion

  36. Period 5 1750 to 1900 CEIndustrialization Global Integration 5.1 Industrialization & Global Capitalism 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution, & Reform 5.4 Global Migration

  37. Period 6 1900 to the PresentAccelerating Global Change & Realignment 6.1 Science & the Environment 6.2 Global Conflicts & their Consequences 6.3 New Concepts. of Global Economy, Society, & Culture

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