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Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System. APL2/L3. Cardiovascular System. Consists of: -a muscular pump, heart -a system of distribution vessels, arteries, veins and capillaries -a circulating fluid, blood. Cardiovascular System. Functions include: transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Cardiovascular System APL2/L3

  2. Cardiovascular System • Consists of: -a muscular pump, heart -a system of distribution vessels, arteries, veins and capillaries -a circulating fluid, blood

  3. Cardiovascular System • Functions include: • transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide • delivery of food to cells removal of waste products from cells • distribution of hormones assists in maintenance of homeostasis e.g. temperature regulation

  4. Workings of the heart • How much blood is in our body? • 5-6 liters • What is average resting HR? • 65-75 bpm • How much blood is pumped throughout the body every day? • 7000 liters • Throughout one’s lifetime, heart can circulates 2.5 billion liters of blood

  5. Blood Vessels Arteries • carry blood away from the heart • relatively thick walls to withstand higher blood pressure • smooth muscles modify diameter and thus regulate blood flow

  6. Blood Vessels Veins • carry blood towards the heart • thinner walls than arteries, not subject to high pressure • contain one-way valves that regulate direction of blood flow

  7. Blood Vessels Capillaries • connect arteries to veins • site of exchange between blood and surrounding tissues • walls one cell thick • extremely numerous, deliver blood close to all body cells

  8. Double layered Pericardium Visceral: inner, delicate lining on surface of heart Parietal: outer, tough sac fitting loosely around heart Pericardial cavity: space between 2 layers. Filled with fluid to ↓ friction Coverings of the Heart

  9. Epicardium: protective outer membrane Myocardium: middle, heart wall, rich in blood Cardiac muscle Endocardium: inner lining of heart wall Purkinje fibers, collagen, elastin, BV’s Wall of heart: 3 Layers

  10. Human Heart • 4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles • Atria receive blood from various parts of the body, and pump blood into the ventricles • Ventricles pump blood out to various parts of the body

  11. LUNGS Double Loop System BODY

  12. 2 Atria: Thin walled upper chambers Receive blood 2 ventricles: Thick walled lower chambers Pump blood out R. & L. sides separated by septum Heart chambers: Four

  13. One set separates the atria & ventricles Tricuspid: (3 cusps) Separates Right atria and R. ventricle Bicuspid: (2 cusps) Seperates left atria & L. ventricle Valves between Artia and Ventricles

  14. Another set separates the exiting blood vessels and the ventricles Pulmonary valve: Right ventricle & pulm. Artery Aortic valve: Left ventricle & aorta Valves between ventricles and blood vessels out of heart

  15. Blood Flow on Right Side of Heart Left Semilunar Valve Right Semilunar Valve Bicuspid Valve Tricuspid Valve

  16. Left Atrium Right Atrium Blood Flow on Left Side of Heart Left Ventricle Right Ventricle

  17. Pulmonary Artery Aorta Vena Cava (2 veins) Pulmonary Veins (4 veins)

  18. Pulmonary Artery – O2 poor blood to lungs Aorta – O2 rich blood to body Vena Cava – O2 poor blood from body Pulmonary Veins – O2 rich blood from lungs Path of Blood Flow in Heart

  19. Quick Quiz: 10 points • 1. What type of blood vessels: • Carry blood low in oxygen back to the heart? • Have higher BP and thick walls, high in oxygen? • Are one cell thick ? 2. Why is the blood flow related to the heart considered a double-loop system? 3. a. What valve is between the left atria and left ventricle? b. What is another name for it?

  20. 4. What one of the four heart chambers have the thickest walls? • Why? • 5. Blood from the body is received into the RA via what two large veins?

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