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PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE 1:

Idaho Roads Scholar Program. PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE 1:. Part 2: Distress Identification. Learning Objectives. Recognize Asphalt Pavement Distresses Know the Causes of Main Types of Distress Determine Which Pavements are Good Candidates for Pavement Preservation.

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PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE 1:

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  1. Idaho Roads Scholar Program PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE 1: Part 2: Distress Identification

  2. Learning Objectives • Recognize Asphalt Pavement Distresses • Know the Causes of Main Types of Distress • Determine Which Pavements are Good Candidates for Pavement Preservation

  3. What pavement characteristics indicate pavement condition? • Visible performance indicators • Functional indicators • Structural indicators • Non-Visible defects • Environmental effects on materials • Load-related damage

  4. What techniques are used to assess pavement condition? • Visual distress surveys • Roughness surveys • Friction surveys • Drainage evaluation • Shoulder surveys • Deflection testing

  5. Progression of Pavement Deterioration

  6. Pavement Distress Categories • Load • Example: Fatigue Cracking • Climate • Example: Weathering/Raveling • Other • Construction

  7. Load Related Distresses • Fatigue Cracking • Potholes • Rutting • Edge Cracking • Shoving

  8. Fatigue Cracking • Possible Causes • Weak base/subgrade • Thin pavement / under designed • Poor Drainage • Overloading • Bottom-up cracking

  9. Fatigue Cracking

  10. Fatigue Cracking

  11. Longitudinal/Transverse Cracking

  12. Washington State - Top-Down inAsphalt Pavements > 150 mm 50 mm 150 mm

  13. M32CORE M3 2 TRL

  14. Rutting • In Subgrade/Base • Design Problem • In the AC Layer • Plastic Flow--Material/Mix Design • Consolidation--Compaction • Surface Wear

  15. Rutting

  16. Rutting

  17. original profile asphalt layer subgrade deformation weak subgrade or underlying layer Rutting in Subgrade/Base

  18. original profile weak asphalt layer shear plane Rutting in Asphalt Layer

  19. original profile Wheel path consolidation Improper compaction Rutting in Asphalt Layer

  20. Potholes • Severe, uncorrected result of another distress • Alligator Cracking • Raveling • Failed Patches • Thin/Weak Pavement

  21. Potholes

  22. Edge Cracking • Poor lateral support • Settlement of underlying material • poor drainage • frost heave • shrinkage/drying of soil • Aggravated by high traffic levels

  23. Edge Cracking

  24. Shoving • “Washboarding” • Occurs at high stress locations • Intersections • Steep Grades • Ramps • Weak unstable mix • Unstable base

  25. Shoving

  26. Climate Related Distresses • Block Cracking • Joint Reflective Cracking • Thermal Cracking • Weathering/Raveling

  27. Block Cracking • Divides the pavement into rectangular pieces • 1ft x 1ft to 10ft x 10ft • Oxidation (Aging) • Low AC% Mix • Absorptive Aggregates

  28. Block Cracking

  29. Reflective Cracking • Generally over PCC pavements • Caused by movement of the underlying layer • Vertically (Load) • Horizontally (Thermal)

  30. Reflective Cracking

  31. Longitudinal/Transverse Cracking • Transverse cracking is generally thermally induced • Longitudinal Cracking • paving lane joints • poor compaction

  32. Longitudinal/Transverse Cracking

  33. Longitudinal/Transverse Cracking

  34. Longitudinal/Transverse Cracking

  35. Weathering/Raveling • Loss of aggregate on the surface • Poor Compaction • Cold/Wet Weather Construction • Dirty Aggregate • Low AC% • Overheating Mix

  36. Weathering/Raveling

  37. Bleeding Bumps/Sags Corrugation/ Shoving Depressions Lane/Shoulder Drop Off Patching/Utility Cuts Polished Aggregate Railroad Crossings Slippage Cracks Other Distresses

  38. Bleeding • Excessive Asphalt • Too much asphalt in mix • Too much crack sealant below overlay • Too heavy prime or tack coat? • Low air voids

  39. Bleeding

  40. Bleeding

  41. Slippage Cracks • Caused by a shear plane in the pavement structure • Too little tack • Too much tack

  42. Slippage Cracks

  43. Distress Review

  44. Load / Traffic Environment / Aging Material / Mix Asphalt Hardening Various Changes Primary HMA DeteriorationInitial Mechanisms of Deterioration • Plastic Deformation • Surface wear

  45. Primary HMA DeteriorationLoad-Related Distresses Rutting Load Fatigue Cracking Plastic Deformation

  46. Friction Loss Primary HMA DeteriorationTraffic-Related Distresses Polishing Traffic Surface Wear

  47. Primary HMA DeteriorationEnvironment/Aging-Related Distresses Block Cracking Environment/ Aging Raveling/Weathering Asphalt Hardening

  48. Friction Loss Primary HMA DeteriorationMaterial/Mix-Related Distresses Material Problems Bleeding/Flushing

  49. Breakdown of Existing Cracks Secondary HMA DeteriorationInfluence of Moisture Infiltration Deteriorated Cracks Cracks + Moisture Infiltration

  50. Subgrade Softening Secondary HMA DeteriorationInfluence of Moisture Infiltration Cracks + Moisture Infiltration Potholes Loss of Fines (Pumping) Lane-to-Shoulder Drop-off Edge Cracking

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