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Understanding Organic Compounds and DNA Extraction Process

Learn about organic compounds, carbon-based molecules, and the extraction of DNA from cheek cells using Gatorade, soap, and ethanol with a step-by-step virtual lab guide. Explore the properties of carbon, nucleic acids, and molecular diversity in life.

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Understanding Organic Compounds and DNA Extraction Process

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  1. Organic compounds Carbon based molecules are called Organic Compounds

  2. Life’s molecular diversity is based on the properties of Carbon • Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large diverse molecules

  3. Carbon has the ability to form covalent bonds (sharing of electrons) Methane, CH4 Carbon Dioxide, CO2

  4. The 4 main classes of large biological molecules

  5. Cells make most of their large molecules by joining monomers into polymers

  6. Nucleic Acids are information-rich polymers Monomers: nucleotides Nitrogen Bases can vary

  7. The 2 Nucleic Acids are RNA and DNA

  8. More about nucleotide structure

  9. DNA is a double helix, strands are anti-parallel Carbons are numbered Strands run in opposite directions

  10. DNA is Negatively Charged Due to the Phosphate Group

  11. DNA extraction Virtual Lab • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/extraction/

  12. DNA Cheek Extraction Lab: Purpose: To extract and observe your own DNA 1. Add 10 mL of Gatorade to a small paper cup. 2. Swish the Gatorade in your mouth for at least 30 seconds and chew your cheeks to release some cheek cells. 3. Spit the Gatorade back into the cup. 4. Carefully pour 2-3 mL of cheek cell solution into a 15 mL conical tube. 5. Add 1 mL of the 20% soap solution. Invert gently. 6. Place the tube in the 55o water bath for 1-5 minutes. Invert gently. 7. Put tube at a 45o angle and carefully add 5 mL of cold ethanol. Drip the ethanol carefully down the side of the tube. DO NOT INVERT OR SHAKE TUBE AFTER ADDITION OF ETHANOL. 8. Observe your DNA

  13. Cheek cells

  14. Purpose of Gatorade

  15. Cell Membrane • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAXnYcUjn5k

  16. Why Use Detergent?

  17. Why Use Heat • DNAse enzymes try to destroy DNA • Heat will make the enzymes inactive • Too much heat could destroy DNA

  18. Why Use Cold Ethanol?

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