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Materi Kuliah

Explore project control phases, information monitoring, project evaluation methods, cost controlling, performance analysis, variance analysis, and forecasting techniques in project management. Learn how to set standards, compare performance, and take corrective actions to keep projects on track.

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Materi Kuliah

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  1. MateriKuliah Manajemen Proyek INSTITUT MANAJEMEN TELKOM

  2. PROJECT CONTROL

  3. PROJECT CONTROL The process of keeping the project on target and as close to plan as feasibly posible is the subject control : 1.Planning concentrats on setting goals and direction, control guides the work toward those goals. 2.Planning allocate resources,control ensures effective on going utilization of those resources, 3.Planning antisipates the problems,control corrects the problems. 4.Planning motivates participants to achieve goals,control rewards achievement of goals. THE CONTROL PROCESS The process is achieved in three phases, setting performance standards, comparing this standards with actual performance, then taking necessary correction action. INFORMATION MONITORING 1.Data collecting 2.Information reporting

  4. EVALUASI PROYEK • Dalamkegiatanproyek ,ProyekManajerharusmelakukan: • Pengecekankegiatan • Melakukanevaluasi • Melakukankoreksi • sehinggapencapaianproyek (jadwal, biaya, prestasifisik) dapatdijagasesuai target. • METODA EVALUASI PROYEK • 1.Formative Evaluation • Dilakukanselamaperjalananproyek • 2.Summary Evaluation • Dilakukansetelahproyekselesai • INFORMASI UTAMA DALAM EVALUASI PROYEK • 1.Graphics (Chart & Tabel) • 2.Laporan (Lisan & Tulisan) • 3.Observasi • 4.Review Meeting

  5. Controlling Cash • Control during the life of projecek: plan, publish, measure, compare, report, forecast, and correct. • Budget preparation : data collection, WBS, cost centre codes, • System budget : budget , commited cost, actual cost. • Budgeted cost – Committed cost = Variance • Negative Variance means that : • Poor control • Extra unbudgetted works was included • Some activity cost were underestimated

  6. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS • AnalisisBiayadanJadwalmenggunakanNilaiHasil • a. Budgeted Cost of the work scheduled (BCWS) yaitu • Jumlahanggaran yang disediakanuntukmenyelesaikankegiatan • yang telahditargetkan • b. Actual Cost of the work Performed (ACWP) yaitu • Jumlahbiayaaktualdaripekerjaan yang telahdilaksanakan • c. Budgeted Cost of the work Performed (BCWP) yaitu : • Jumlahdana yang telahdikeluarkanuntukmenyelesaikan • kegiatan yang telahditargetkan • Variance Analysis • AV = BCWS – ACWP (Accounting Variance) • CV = BCWP – ACWP (Cost Variance) • SV = BCWP – BCWS (Schedule Variance) • TV = SD – BCSP (Time Variance) • SD = Status date (ex. : week 20) • BCSP = The date where BCWS = BCWP

  7. Variance • Variance menunjukkan besarnya penyimpangan yang terjadi pada suatu titik waktu/saat pelaporan. • VariansiBiaya (Cost Variance) = BCWP – ACWP • VariansiJadwal (Shedule Variance) = BCWP – BCWS

  8. Planned completion NOW Forecast Cost Over run BAC BCWS ACWP Cost variance Forecast Project Time slip Schedule Variance (cost) BCWP Schedule variance (time)

  9. Realisasi AKHIR AWAL 100 75 50 25 0 800 600 400 200 0 Varian Anggaran J F M A M J J A S O N D 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 Kurva ‘ S ” Varian

  10. VariansiBiaya (Cost Variance) = BCWP – ACWP VariansiJadwal (Shedule Variance) = BCWP – BCWS ACWP = Actual Cost of Work Performed BCWP = Budgeted Cost of Work Performed BCWS = Budgeted cost of Work Schedule

  11. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Continued) • 2.Technical Analysis • Nilaiaktual parameter teknis (ygdidapatdariestimasi, pengukurananalitis, dantesempiris) harusdibandingkandengan parameter teknis yang diinginkan, untukmengevaluasidanmengukurperbedaanantarapencapaiandankeinginan (sasaran). • 3.Performance Index • KinerjasuatuproyekdapatdiukurmenggunakanIndeksKinerja (performance index) : • Indeks Kinerja Jadwal (Schedule Performance Index) SPI = BCWP/ACWP SPI < 1 berarti Waktu Pelaksanaan > Jadwal • Indeks Kinerja Biaya (Cost Performance Index) CPI = BCWP/ACWP CPI < 1 berarti Pengeluaran > Anggaran.

  12. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (Lanjutan) Untukmengetahuisampaisejauhmanapelaksanaanproyektelah dilaksanakan,dilakukandenganmenghitung CRITICAL RATIO (CR) Actual Progress Budgeted Cost CR = ---------------------- x ------------------- Scheduled Progress Actual Cost JIKA : CR = 1  Proyekkemungkinanselesaisesuai target CR ≠ 1  Proyekmemerlukanpenangananuntuk memonitordanmengendalikanproyek Forecasting “To Complete” and “At Completion” FCTC (Forecasted Cost To Complete Project) BCAC - BCWP = ------------------- BCAC = budgeted cost at completion CPI for the project FCAC (Forecasted Cost at Completion) = ACWP + FCTC

  13. Status Date (SD) Forecasted ACWP FCAC BCAC FCTC BCWS ACWP Forecasted BCWP BCWP Revised Completion date Initial target date 19 20 47 50 The Project Completion = 20 + (47-19)/SPI

  14. SOAL LATIHAN

  15. Pertanyaan : • Buatkan rencana biaya dan jadwal proyek dengan menggunakan gambar Network dan Bar Chartnya. • Setelah proyek berjalan 30 minggu, apa komentar saudara yang meliputi (AV, SV dan CV) serta berapa FCAC (Forecasted Cost At Completion).

  16. Materi kuliah 03052010 Manajemen Proyek INSTITUT MANAJEMEN TELKOM

  17. Basic Project Control Steps • Define the project scope • Develop a project plan consistent with: • project scope • estimates (cost constraints) • schedule (constraints • resources available • Report progress and compare with budget and forecast • Control by taking corrective action

  18. Five Phases of Project Management

  19. Risk Management: • Risk Identification • Risk Quantification • Risk Response Development • Risk Response Control

  20. Contingency - Plan for Change

  21. Project Close-out

  22. Project Closeout - Major Phases • Obtain client acceptance • Document the project • Conduct the post implementation audit • Issue the final report

  23. Plan the Work… Work the Plan Successful Project Management Project Execution Plan

  24. Successful Project Completion

  25. Project Planning, Scheduling & Controlling

  26. Materi kuliah 10052010 Manajemen Proyek INSTITUT MANAJEMEN TELKOM

  27. FOUNDATION IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT • Start the project with a strong foundation. The templates and checklist (clear goals, effective communication, and management support) • The project proposal , • Project sponsor can use the charter template to formally authorize • the project and project manager. • The statement of work represents the formal agreement between • project stakeholders about the goals and constraints of the project. • The responsibility matrix clarifies the role and authority of each • project stakeholder. • Effective communication ,Use the communicationplanning matrix to identify who needs what information and howyou’ll be sure to get it to them • As you initiate the project, use the definition checklist to guide theteam

  28. Project Proposal (Project name, Sponsor, Project Manager, Prepared by,Revision History) • Project Goal ,Problem/Opportunity Definition ,Proposed Solution • Project Selection and Ranking Criteria • Project benefit category: ❑ Compliance/regulatory ❑ Efficiency/cost reduction ❑ Revenue increase • Portfolio fit and interdependencies • Project urgency • Cost-Benefit Analysis • Tangible Benefits (Benefit ,Value and probability,Assumptions driving value) • Intangible Benefits (Benefit,Value and probability,Assumptions driving value) • Cost Categories (Internal labor hours ,External costs,Equipment, hardware, or software,List other costs such as travel and training) • Financial Return • Business Requirements(Scope,Major project activities,Out of scope activities that are critical to the success of the project • Major Obstacles ,Risks ,Schedule Overview Estimated Project Completion Date ,Major Milestones ,External Milestones Affecting the Project,Impact of Late Delivery

  29. Project Management Context: • Project Phases and Life Cycle • Stakeholders • Leadership Skills • General Management Skills • Communications Skills

  30. Project Phases and Life Cycle: • Divide Project into Phases • Better Management Control • Review Deliverables and Performance • Fast-tracking

  31. Example of Project Phases: • Conceptual Design • Detailed Design • Coding and Testing • Training and Documentation • Deployment

  32. Stakeholders: • Individuals and Organizations • Actively Involved in Project • Interests Affected by Project

  33. Leadership Skills: • Vision and Strategy • Establishing Direction • Aligning People • Communicating • Negotiating • Motivating and Inspiring • Influencing Organizations • Overcoming Barriers to Change

  34. General Management Skills: • Planning • Finance and Accounting • Personnel Administration • Technology • Organizational Development • Delegation • Team Building • Conflict Management • Solving Problems

  35. Communications Skills: • Writing • Listening • Speaking • Presenting • Media Relations • Meeting Management

  36. Scope Management: • Initiation • Scope Planning • Scope Definition • Scope Verification • Scope Change Control

  37. Management activities • Proposal writing • Project planning and scheduling • Project cost • Project monitoring and review • Personnel selection and evaluation • Report writing and presentations

  38. Human Resource Management • Organizational Planning • Staff Acquisition • Team Development

  39. Communications Management: • Communications Planning • Information Distribution • Performance Reporting • Administrative Closure

  40. Key Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs: • Communications Management Plan • Project Records • Performance Reports • Change Requests • Project Archives • Formal Acceptance • Lessons Learned

  41. Key Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs: Risk Management Plan Checklists Contingency Plans Reserves Contractual Terms 42

  42. Risk Management: • Risk Identification • Risk Quantification • Risk Response Development • Risk Response Control

  43. Management Processes: • Initiating Processes • Planning Processes • Executing Processes • Controlling Processes • Closing Processes

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