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Organ Systems

Organ Systems. ST 110 Chapter 4. Objectives. Describe the various organ systems of the body Describe the concept of homeostasis and it’s importance to your health Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback Discuss organ replacement, problems versus solutions. Introduction.

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Organ Systems

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  1. Organ Systems ST 110 Chapter 4

  2. Objectives • Describe the various organ systems of the body • Describe the concept of homeostasis and it’s importance to your health • Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback • Discuss organ replacement, problems versus solutions

  3. Introduction • Organ – a collection of two or more different tissues, organized to perform a specific function • Organ System – a collection of various organs organized to perform a specific function not capable of a single organ • Eleven organ systems: • Integumentary System • Skeletal System • Muscular System • Nervous System

  4. Introduction • Organ Systems • Endocrine System • Circulatory System • Cardiovascular System • Lymphatic System • Immune System • Respiratory System • Digestive System • Excretory (Urinary) System • Reproductive System

  5. Integumentary System • Components • Skin • Hair • Nails • Suderiferous (sweat) glands • Sebaceous glands • Functions • Protection • Helps regulate body temperature • Houses sensory receptors

  6. Skeletal System • Components • Bones • Joints • Ligaments • Cartilage • Functions • Support and protection • Attachment point for muscles • As a rigid framework for movement • Produces blood cells • Stores inorganic salts

  7. Muscular System • Components • Muscles • Tendons • Functions • Locomotion • Internal movement • Heat generation

  8. Nervous System • Components • Brain • Spinal Cord • Associated Nerves • Functions • Communication and coordination of function between body parts • Memory • Learning • Conscious thought

  9. Components Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland Thyroid Testes Ovaries Hypothalamus Thymus Pancreas Adrenal Glands Function Regulate body metabolism, growth, and reproduction Endocrine System

  10. Circulatory System:Lymphatic SystemImmune System • Components • Lymph vessels • Lymph nodes • Thymus • Spleen • Red bone marrow • Function • Transportation • Protection

  11. Circulatory System:Cardiovascular System • Components • Heart • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries • Blood • Function • Transportation

  12. Respiratory System • Components • Nasal Cavity • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs • Function • As a reservoir for oxygen/carbon dioxide gas exchange • Helps regulate acid/base balance

  13. Components Mouth Tongue Teeth Salivary Glands Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine Function Introduce, breakdown, and absorb nutrients Eliminate waste Digestive System

  14. Excretory(Urinary) System • Components • Kidneys • Ureters • Urinary Bladder • Urethra • Function • Eliminate waste products from the blood • Help regulate fluid/electrolyte balance

  15. Components Male Scrotum Testes Penis Epididymides Ductus (vas) deferens Seminal vesicles Prostate Bulbourethral Glands Urethra Components Female Ovaries Uterine (fallopian) tubes Uterus Vagina Vulva Mammary Glands Reproductive System

  16. Reproductive System • Function – perpetuation of the species

  17. Ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment. Regulated and maintained by the integration of the organ systems of the body Conditions monitored O2/CO2 concentration pH nutrient/waste concentration Electrolyte concentration Extracellular fluid volume and pressure Homeostasis

  18. Feedback Systems • Means by which the body maintains homeostasis • Two types • Negative feedback • Most often used • Acts to reverse change in the internal environment • Positive feedback • Acts to accelerate or increase change in the internal environment

  19. Organ Replacement • Approximately 8 million transplant operations are performed annually • Artificial organs – only a temporary fix • Xenograft organs – temporary measure • Advances to increase organ availability • Expansion of acceptable donor criteria • Improved organ preservation during transport • Procedures that allow for implantation of a partial organ • Advances in genetic engineering, stem cell biology, and tissue engineering

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