Greek I

1. Greek I First and Second Person Personal Pronouns and auvto,j (Chapters 11 and 12)

2. Overview of this Lesson • In this lesson we will learn: • the first (“I”) and second (“you”) person personal pronouns; • that a pronoun’s case is determined by its function in the sentence, just like a noun; • that a pronoun’s number is determined by its antecedent (what it stands for). • several more third declension patterns; • the three different ways that auvto,j is used; • that since auvto,j is a 2-1-2 adjective, we already know all its forms.

3. English Grammar • A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. A personal pronoun replaces a noun referring to a person (e.g. I, he, she, we, etc.) • Pronouns have case, number, and person: • The case is determined by the pronoun’s function (subject, object, etc) in the sentence, just as with nouns. • The number is determined by the antecedent, or what the pronoun is replacing. If the antecedent is singular, the pronoun will be singular; if the antecedent is plural, the pronoun will be plural. • The person of the pronoun is also determined by its antecedent. It will either be first (I, we), second (you), or third person (he, she, it, they). • There is no gender for first and second person pronouns; the third person pronoun does have gender. • All of this is the same for Greek!

4. English Pronoun Forms

5. Greek Pronoun Forms • These pronouns follow the third declension. • The beginnings reveal person (first or second), the endings reveal case and number. • You must know these well enough to recognize them in context. • The forms in parentheses (adding epsilon and accent) are alternate forms with the same basic meaning. These accented forms are called emphatic forms.

6. More Third Declension Patterns:Stems in Tau and Delta • Use square of stops to understand changes.

7. More Third Declension Patterns:Consonantal Iota Stems • See Mounce (p. 94) for a complete explanation here. • The main thing to remember is the stem of the word, with the ending alternating between iota and epsilon. • Also note that the nominative and accusative plural forms are the same, as with a neuter noun. • All nouns that end in consonantal iota are feminine.

8. auvto,j

9. Third Person Pronoun in English

10. Third Person Pronoun in Greek:auvto,j • Declined like a 2-1-2 adjective.

11. Three Distinct Uses of auvto,j • Third person personal pronoun • Case is determined by function in the sentence, gender and number by antecedent. • When showing possession, usually follows the noun it modifies, e.g. pneu,mati auvtou/. • Adjectival intensive • Translates as a reflexive pronoun, e.g., Auvto.j de. o` VIwa,nnhj “Now John himself” • When functioning as an intensive, auvto,j is usually in the nominative case and modifies the subject. • Identical adjective • Translates as “same;” normally in the attributive position when used this way, but not always. • to.n auvto.n lo,gon “the same word”

12. For Next Week • Study the vocab from both chapters 11 and 12. This is the only time this semester that we will cover 2 chapters of vocab on 1 quiz. • Do workbook exercises 11 and 12. • Read the short chapter on “Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjectives,” pp. 106-113. • We will meet next Wednesday as usual.