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Chapter 5c: The Skeletal System

Chapter 5c: The Skeletal System. The Vertebral Column. Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs Runs from skull to pelvis Transmits weight of body to lower limbs Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location Protects spinal cord. Figure 5.14. The Vertebral Column.

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Chapter 5c: The Skeletal System

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  1. Chapter 5c:The Skeletal System

  2. The Vertebral Column • Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs • Runs from skull to pelvis • Transmits weight of body to lower limbs • Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location • Protects spinal cord Figure 5.14

  3. The Vertebral Column • There are 24 single vertebral bones separated by intervertebral discs • Seven cervical vertebrae are in the neck • Twelve thoracic vertebrae are in the chest region • Five lumbar vertebrae are associated with the lower back • Nine vertebrae fuse to form two composite bones: • Sacrum • coccyx

  4. Note how the spine curves in within the thoracic region…. Also note that numbering restarts within each section!!

  5. Structure of a Typical Vertebrae, Superior View Figure 5.16 Hoban

  6. Vertebral Column • Intervertebral Discs • Made of Fibrocartilage • Cushions each bone & flexibility • 90% water (decreases with age) • Loss of fluid in discs due to age can lead to “shrinking” in height Regional Characteristics • 7 cervical vertebrae • 1 = atlas C1 • 2 = axis C2 • C3-C7 • Smallest & lightest bones of the vertebrae • Include Foramina – vertebral arteries to brain Hoban

  7. Thoracic – T1 – T12 • Lumbar – L1 – L5 • Massive block-like bodies • Sturdiest vertebrae • Sacrum – 5 fused vertebrae • Form the posterior wall of pelvis • Coccyx – 3-5 fused vertebrae • aka Tailbone – remnant of a tail that other vertebrates have Hoban

  8. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae—Cervical V.

  9. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae—Thoracic V. Hoban

  10. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae—Lumbar V. Hoban

  11. Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae—Sacrum & Coccyx

  12. The Vertebral Column • The spine has a normal curvature: • Primary curvatures are the spinal curvatures of the thoracic and sacral regions • Present from birth • Secondary curvatures are the spinal curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions • Develop after birth

  13. The Vertebral Column

  14. Abnormal Curvatures

  15. The Bony Thorax • Forms a cage to protect major organs • Consists of three parts • Sternum • Ribs • True ribs (pairs 1-7) • False ribs (pairs 8-12) • Floating ribs(pairs 11-12) • Thoracic vertebrae Figure 5.19a

  16. The Bony Thorax Figure 5.19a

  17. Sternum – attached to first 7 pair of ribs • Sternal puncture – for bone marrow biopsy • 12 pair of ribs • 7 true – attach to sternum • 5 false – attach indirectly or not at all • 2 floating

  18. Hoban

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