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Chemistry of Carbon

Chemistry of Carbon. Building Blocks of Life. Chapter 4. The Most Important Elements. CHONPS! Six most abundant elements of life What are they? What are they used for? Structures, enzymes, energy, hormones, DNA, RNA… How do we get them? Eating, drinking, breathing…. Why study Carbon?.

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Chemistry of Carbon

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  1. Chemistry of Carbon Building Blocks of Life Chapter 4

  2. The Most Important Elements • CHONPS! • Six most abundant elements of life • What are they? • What are they used for? • Structures, enzymes, energy, hormones, DNA, RNA… • How do we get them? • Eating, drinking, breathing…

  3. Why study Carbon? • All of life is built on carbon • Cells • ~72% H2O • ~25% carbon compounds • carbohydrates • lipids • proteins • nucleic acids • ~3% salts • Na, Cl, K…

  4. Chemistry of Life • Organic chemistry is the study of carboncompounds • C atoms are versatile building blocks • bonding properties • 4 stable covalent bonds H C H H H

  5. Hydrocarbons • Combinations of C & H • non-polar • not soluble in H2O • hydrophobic • stable • very little attraction between molecules • a gas at room temperature methane(simplest HC)

  6. Macromolecules • Smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules • macromolecules • 4 major classes of macromolecules: • carbohydrates • lipids • proteins • nucleic acids

  7. H2O HO H HO H HO H Polymers • Long molecules built by linking repeating building blocks in a chain • monomers • building blocks • repeated small units • covalent bonds Dehydration synthesis

  8. H2O HO H HO H enzyme HO H How to build a polymer You gotta be open to“bonding! • Synthesis • joins monomers by “taking” H2O out • one monomer donates OH– • other monomer donates H+ • together these form H2O • requires energy & enzymes Dehydration synthesis Condensationreaction

  9. H2O HO H enzyme H HO H HO How to break down a polymer Breaking upis hard to do! • Digestion • use H2O to breakdown polymers • reverse of dehydration synthesis • cleave off one monomer at a time • H2O is split into H+ and OH– • H+ & OH– attach to ends • requires enzymes • releases energy Hydrolysis Digestion

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