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Explore the transition from Enlightenment ideals to the French Revolution, examining causes, key events, and its impact on society. Analyze social, economic, and political inequalities that led to revolution and question how Enlightenment ideas influenced change. Delve into the role of absolute monarchs, power corruption, and the shift in political structures. Investigate key moments like the Estates General, Tennis Court Oath, storming of the Bastille, and Reign of Terror, examining their significance in history. Gain insights into the evolution of society, government, and the lasting effects of revolutionary movements.
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Where have we been, where are we going? • 400’s-1300’s – Middle Ages • 1290’s-1600’s – Renaissance • Curiosity & Interest • Ability to improve through education and knowledge • Individualism, Humanism, Secularism • 1500’s-1600’s – Reformation • Questioning Authority • Religious divisions, intolerance, war and social upheaval • 1500’s-1800’s – Exploration & Conquest • Permanent Worldwide Contact • European Monarchs acquired great wealth from colonies • Europe began global dominance • 1500’s-1800’s – Absolutism & State Building • Absolute Monarchs rule Europe • 1500’s-1800’s – Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment • Questioning the Universe • Questioning society
Essential Questions 1. To what extent has Enlightenment ideas contributed to revolutions? 2. What were the social, economic and political inequalities of the Old Regime and to what extent did they contribute to the start of the French Revolution? 3. To what extent did the Enlightenment and American Revolution alter French beliefs? 4. How does power corrupt (e.g. Robespierre, Napoleon, etc.)? 5. In what ways do revolutions bring about change?
Learning Targets: Ch. 7.1 • Explain the causes of the French Revolution. • Explain the significance of the Old Regime in France, and how contributed to discontent among social classes. • Describe how the meeting of the Estates General is a revolutionary movement. • Who made up the National Assembly and why was it created? • In what ways was the Tennis Court Oath revolutionary? • Why is the storming of the Bastille historically significant? • Why is the Great Fear referred to as "senseless panic?"
The Suggested Voting Pattern-Estates General:Voting by Estates Clergy 1st Estate 1 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 1 1 Commoners 3rd Estate Louis XIV insisted that the ancient distinction of the three orders be conserved in its entirety.
The Number of Representativesin the Estates General: 3rd Estate wants one vote per delegate (by head)! Clergy 1st Estate 300 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 300 648 Commoners 3rd Estate
Convening the Estates General May, 1789 Last time it was called into session was 1614!
How can we save France? • Should the separate Estates vote by order (one vote per Estate), or by delegate/head (one person, one vote)? • How can France and its people solve this horrible economic crisis?
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes 1stWhat is the Third Estate?Everything! 2nd What has it been heretofore in the political order? Nothing! 3rd What does it demand? To become something therein! Abbé Sieyès1748-1836
“The Third Estate Awakens” • The commoners finally presented their credentials not as delegates of the Third Estate, but as “representatives of the nation.” • They proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly” of France.
“The Tennis Court Oath”by Jacques Louis David June 20, 1789
Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789 • A rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly. • 18 died. • 73 wounded. • 7 guards killed. • It held 7 prisoners [5 ordinary criminals & 2 madmen].
The Great Fear: Peasant Revolt(July 20, 1789) • Rumors that the feudal aristocracy [the aristos] were sending hired brigands to attack peasants and pillage their land.
French Revolution-Pendulum Republic Absolute Monarchy National 3rd Estate became: Convention National Assembly Legislative Assembly Limited Constitution Monarchy Radical Moderate Conservative Left Center Right
Learning Targets Ch. 7.2 1. How did the women's march on Versailles mark a turning point in the relationship between the king and the people? 2. How did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen reflect the principles of the Enlightenment? 3. In what ways did National Assembly restrict the authority of the Catholic Church? 4. What did the Constitution of 1791 create? 5. Why did the royal family attempt to escape France? Why is the outcome of this event considered "radical?" 6. Compare and contrast Emigres to sans-culottes. 7. Who were the Jacobins and what role did they play in the National Convention? 8. What was it like to live in Paris during the Reign of Terror? 9. How did Robespierre justify the use of terror? 10. What role did the Committee of Public Safety play in the Reign of Terror? 11. What event marked the end of the Reign of Terror? 12. Describe the leadership that replaced the National Convention?
Homework: • Finishing Reading Packet, pgs. 484-486. • Finish Chart on Old Regime.
