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THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

Explore the mid-16th century Catholic Reformation, a response to Protestantism, which rejuvenated the papacy, promoted mysticism and monasticism, revived old religious orders, and led to the formation of the Society of Jesus. Discover the major activities and achievements of this pivotal era.

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THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

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  1. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION • By mid 16th century protestantism had been established in or parts of Germany Scandinavia England Scotland Switzerland Netherlands France • The Catholic or Counter reformation – • Mid 16th century • Revived and reformed papacy • Revival of mysticism and monasticism • New religious orders • Reaffirmed Catholic practices and doctrines

  2. REVIVAL OF OLD RELIGIOUS ORDERS • St. Theresa of Avila -> new mysticism -> Carmelite nuns • Benedictines and Capuchins • Franciscans • The Theatines • The Ursulines • The Oratory of Divine Love -> informal group of clergy and laymen -> personal spiritual development and charity

  3. THE SOCIETY OF JESUS • The Society of Jesus = the Jesuits • Most important of the new religious orders • Ignatius of Loyola – founder of the Jesuits 1. spanish noble and soldier 2. injured in battle becomes soldier of God 3. author of The Spiritual Exercises 4. founded as a new order in 1540 • Absolute obedience to the pope • Military like organization and discipline • “conflict for God”

  4. Ignatius of Loyola – the solider of God

  5. 3 MAJOR ACTIVITIES OF THE JESUITS • EDUCATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE • MISSIONARY WORK -> spread the Catholic faith among non-Christians -> Francis Xavier in India and Japan • BATTLE THE PROTESTANTS

  6. A REVIVED PAPACY • Pope Paul III (1534-1549) • Reformed the papacy • Recognized the Jesuits as a new order • Summoned the Council of Trent • Establish the Roman Inquisition = the Holy Office -> root out error and heresy

  7. THE COUNCIL OF TRENT • Council meet from 1545-1563 • Reaffirmed Catholic teachings • Rejected Protestant teachings • Scripture and tradition = sources of authority • Only church could interpret scripture • Faith + good works • Transubstantiation • Clerical celibacy • Esttheological seminaries in every diocese

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