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Non-Communicable Diseases

Explore the types, risk factors, and treatments for cancer, including the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells and the impact of environmental factors. Learn about the chronic conditions of diabetes, its types, and management strategies to maintain healthy blood sugar levels.

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Non-Communicable Diseases

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  1. Non-Communicable Diseases

  2. Non-Communicable Diseases • Disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment • Cardiovascular Disease is one of the most common and preventable diseases

  3. Cancer • Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells • More than 100 types • Occurs because of DNA damage • A buildup can cause a tumor • Abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body • 2 types: benign and malignant • Benign grows slowly and is noncancerous but could interfere with normal body functions • Malignant spreads to other tissues and is cancerous • Metastasis • Malignant tumors spread throughout the body, divide, and form new tumors

  4. Types of Cancer • Lymphomas – affect immune system • Leukemias – affect blood-forming organs • Carcinomas – affect glands and body linings including skin • Sarcomas – affect connective tissues

  5. Risk Factors for Cancer • Exposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing substance) • Tobacco and UV light are most common • Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain at least 43 different carcinogens • 215,000 new cases of lung cancer related to smoking are diagnosed each year • Radiation (UV light) • Skin that is tanned is your skin’s reaction to damage from the UV light

  6. Risk Factors for Cancer • STD’s • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer • Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer • Dietary Factors • High fat, low fiber diets often linked with colon, breast, and prostate cancers • Heredity • Family history can determine if you are at a higher risk

  7. Treatments for Cancer • Surgery to remove cancerous masses • Radiation therapy uses radioactive substances to kill cancer cells and shrink cancerous masses • Chemotherapy uses chemicals to destroy cancer cells • Immunotherapy activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific cancers and destroy them • Hormone therapy uses medicines to interfere with the production of certain hormones that facilitate cancer growth.

  8. Diabetes • Type 1 and Type 2 • A chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert sugar into energy • Pancreas produces too little or no insulin • Insulin helps glucose enter body cells • Type 1 accounts for 5 – 10% of all diabetes cases • Body fails to produce insulin and glucose builds up in the blood • Cells begin attacking and destroying cells in the pancreas that produce insulin • Daily doses of insulin are required through injections or a specially attached pump

  9. Diabetes • Type 2 accounts for 90-95% of all cases • Usually appears in adults over age 40 • Disease is developing in younger adults, teens, and children • Body is unable to use insulin properly or is not making enough • Low-fat, low-calorie foods rich in protein and limited in carbohydrates and regular physical activity help manage diabetes

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