CHINA AND THE NEW IMPERIALISM

1. CHINA AND THE NEW IMPERIALISM The New Imperialism 9-5

2. H-SS 10.4.4 Describe the independence struggles of the colonized regions of the world, including the roles of leaders, such as Sun Yat-sen in China, and the roles of ideology and religion.

4. GUIDE QUESTION 1. How did imperialists “open” China to the West?

5. Western economic and • military pressure forces China • to open itself up to foreign • trade and influence • 18th century China • Self-sufficient • Isolationist • Xenophobic

6. Britain forces China to open itself up • Unfavorable trade balance • The Opium Trade • The Opium Wars-Britain defeats China and forces it to accept opium • 1842 Najing Treaty China gives up Hong Kong

11. GUIDE QUESTION 2. What internal problems reduced China’s ability to defend itself from European encroachment?

12. Extraterritorial rights • exemption from Chinese law for foreigners • creates much resentment on the part of Chinese • government’s legitimacy reduced

14. Internal Problems • Qing=foreign Dynasty • Over-population • Famine • Flooding/drought • Government corruption • Opium addiction

16. 1853-1864 Taiping Rebellion • Led by Hong Xiuquan, Christian Mystic-”Heavenly Kingdom of Peace” • Women's equality • Control SE China 10 years • Peasant Revolt • Crushed with French/British support • 20 million + die

20. GUIDE QUESTION 3. How does the Open Door Policy represent a change in patterns of Imperialist methods?

21. Other nations take over China indirectly Spheres of influence- regions in which foreign nation controlled trade and investments Open Door Policy -U.S. sponsored policy of trade that retain China’s borders at expense of economic freedom

24. GUIDE QUESTION 4. How did the Chinese seek to end foreign control?

25. Chinese Nationalism • 1899 Guangxu’s Hundred Days of Reform • Boxer Rebellion 1900- uprising against foreigners-put down by multinational force • 1908 planning begun for full constitutional government by 1917