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Latin American Studies

Latin American Studies. January 26, 2011. Blackboard Configuration. Do Now: When did “Latin America” receive that name and why? Objectives: To discuss the State of the Union address To finish identifying social trends To understand the development of Mexico in the 19th century

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Latin American Studies

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  1. Latin American Studies January 26, 2011

  2. Blackboard Configuration Do Now: When did “Latin America” receive that name and why? Objectives: TodiscusstheState of theUnionaddress Tofinishidentifying social trends Tounderstandthedevelopment of Mexicoin the 19th century Homework: Look up Benito Juarez and bring in a chronology of his life

  3. State of the Union Address “We need to out-innovate, out-educate, and out-build the rest of the world.”

  4. Main topics of discussion • Need to revitalize the economy • Investing in the future  clean energy  create more jobs • New trade agreement with South Korea • Need to reform education • “Race to the top” policy • Need to reorganize the government • Limit spending and eliminate some tax breaks • Make it more efficient

  5. State of the Union address “Now, by itself, this simple recognition won't usher in a new era of cooperation. What comes of this moment is up to us. What comes of this moment will be determined not by whether we can sit together tonight, but whether we can work together tomorrow…That's what the people who sent us here expect of us. With their votes, they've determined that governing will now be a shared responsibility between parties. New laws will only pass with support from Democrats and Republicans. We will move forward together, or not at all – for the challenges we face are bigger than party, and bigger than politics.”

  6. Continuities in Daily Life

  7. Analyze the reading • With a (new and different) partner, spend the next 5-10 minutes working on the following questions: • What are the main themes that the reading talked about in terms of daily life? • Pick out specific examples/quotes of each of the themes to support where there were changes/no changes

  8. Mexico’s Development:19th Century Changes

  9. Mexico in the 19th century

  10. Important dates • 1810: Hidalgo and his “gritode Dolores” • 1821: Plan of Iguala • “Religion, Independence, and Unity” • 1821: Treaty of Cordoba signed • Agustin de Iturbide declares himself emperor • 1823: Revolt led by Lopez de Santa Anna • 1824: “Guadalupe Victoria” becomes first president of Mexico

  11. Constitution • Put a liberal constitution in place, but largely ineffective • Second president: Vicente Guerrero • Overthrown by a coup in 1830 • Anastasio Bustamante took over • Ruled 1830-1832 and 1837-1841

  12. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna • Took office in 1833 as a liberal • 1834—abrogated constitution and emerged as an autocrat • Led to revolts in the Yucatan and Northern Mexico (Texas) • Crushed revolts in Yucatan

  13. Texas • Mexican policy allowing Americans to settle • pretext for independence • 1836: Declared independence from Mexico • Lopez de Santa Anna played a controversial role in the war • Ended up being captured at the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836 and taken to Washington, D.C. • 1845: Accepted into the United States

  14. Mexican American War • 1846: US declared war on Mexico • 2 Campaigns • California campaign—US completed occupation by 1847 • Mexico City campaign • Winston Smith—march from Veracruz to Puebla to Mexico City • US had stronger military strategy—took Mexico City by late 1847

  15. Mexican American War

  16. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Mexico had to sell northern provinces to US for $15 million • US would protect property rights of Mexicans in those areas • US would assume $3.25 million debt owed by Mexico to US citizens

  17. Santa Anna’s role? • Secret negotiations with President Polk at beginning of war to get back into country • Turned against him and ran army once back in Mexico • Returned to exile when Mexico City captured • 1853: recalled to power by centralists • 1855: Gadsden purchase  overthrown and banished by liberals

  18. Gadsden Purchase

  19. Overthrow of Santa Anna • 1855: Revolution of Ayutla • 1857: New constitution passed • Did not mandate Roman Catholicism as state religion • 1857-1861: War of Reform

  20. War of Reform • Mexican civil war between the Liberals and the Conservatives • Conservatives had control of Mexico City, Liberals in Veracruz

  21. 5 P’s—how’d we do today? • Punctuality • Preparedness—book, notebook, pencil, etc. • Participation • Presence—are you there and owning it? • Personal responsibility—homework, did you help others, did you make excuses, etc.

  22. Homework • Look up Benito Juarez and bring in a chronology of his life

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