Latin American Studies

1. Latin American Studies January 28, 2011

2. Blackboard Configuration Do Now: Homework check—answer the following question on a piece of paper to turn in: Who is Benito Juarez and why is he important? Objectives: Understandhistorythroughfood (coffee) Analyzethedevelopment of Mexico in the 19th century Homework: Current Events article for Monday

3. Mexico’s Development:19th Century Changes

4. Mexico in the 19th century

5. Important dates • 1810: Hidalgo and his “grito de Dolores” • 1821: Plan of Iguala • “Religion, Independence, and Unity” • 1821: Treaty of Cordoba signed • Agustin de Iturbide declares himself emperor • 1823: Revolt led by Lopez de Santa Anna • 1824: “Guadalupe Victoria” becomes first president of Mexico

6. Constitution • Put a liberal constitution in place, but largely ineffective • Second president: Vicente Guerrero • Overthrown by a coup in 1830 • Anastasio Bustamante took over • Ruled 1830-1832 and 1837-1841

7. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna • Took office in 1833 as a liberal • 1834—abrogated constitution and emerged as an autocrat • Led to revolts in the Yucatan and Northern Mexico (Texas) • Crushed revolts in Yucatan

8. Texas • Mexican policy allowing Americans to settle • pretext for independence • 1836: Declared independence from Mexico • Lopez de Santa Anna played a controversial role in the war • Ended up being captured at the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836 and taken to Washington, D.C. • 1845: Accepted into the United States

9. Mexican American War • 1846: US declared war on Mexico • 2 Campaigns • California campaign—US completed occupation by 1847 • Mexico City campaign • Winston Smith—march from Veracruz to Puebla to Mexico City • US had stronger military strategy—took Mexico City by late 1847

10. Mexican American War

11. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Mexico had to sell northern provinces to US for $15 million • US would protect property rights of Mexicans in those areas • US would assume $3.25 million debt owed by Mexico to US citizens

12. Santa Anna’s role? • Secret negotiations with President Polk at beginning of war to get back into country • Turned against him and ran army once back in Mexico • Returned to exile when Mexico City captured • 1853: recalled to power by centralists • 1855: Gadsden purchase  overthrown and banished by liberals

13. Gadsden Purchase

14. Overthrow of Santa Anna • 1855: Revolution of Ayutla • 1857: New constitution passed • Did not mandate Roman Catholicism as state religion • 1857-1861: War of Reform

15. War of Reform • Mexican civil war between the Liberals and the Conservatives • Plan of Ayutla—oust Santa Anna from government • Plan of Tacubaya—ousting of liberal government from Mexico City • Conservatives had control of Mexico City, Liberals in Veracruz

16. 5 P’s—how’d we do today? • Punctuality • Preparedness—book, notebook, pencil, etc. • Participation • Presence—are you there and owning it? • Personal responsibility—homework, did you help others, did you make excuses, etc.

17. Homework • Current events article for Monday