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MPA for the SUO Planning and Decision Aid

MPA for the SUO Planning and Decision Aid. David E. Wilkins SRI International Artificial Intelligence Center email: wilkins@ai.sri.com URL: http://www.ai.sri.com/~wilkins June 1999.

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MPA for the SUO Planning and Decision Aid

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  1. MPA for the SUO Planning and Decision Aid David E. Wilkins SRI International Artificial Intelligence Center email: wilkins@ai.sri.com URL: http://www.ai.sri.com/~wilkins June 1999

  2. Shared plan representations cognizant of miltary principles, doctrine, SOPs and TTPs. Makes possible: Doctrinally correct plan usable by everyone. Fast generation of multiple distinct COAs, including ones the commander may not have considered. Support commander creativity through human guidance. Uniformly high plan quality, even during high-stress crises. Continuous analysis of the plan using multiple metrics. Monitor plan execution and respond quickly to events, helping the commander modify the plan appropriately. Provide relevant information to other echelons, allowing fast communication while preserving bandwidth Long-term Contributions of PDA to the Soldier

  3. Agent-based framework (efficiency and modularity) Enable interoperation of diverse planning technologies plan generation, scheduling, temporal reasoning, evaluation, ... Provide a shared plan representation Provide organizational structure, control strategies, and communication protocols, wrappers Develop planning and metaplanning agents specifically for collaborative planning and scheduling Support dynamic, event-driven reconfiguration of planning organization and strategies at runtime Multiagent Planning Architecture (MPA)

  4. Planning Cells - organizational units for agents: Planning Agent (PA), Meta Planning Agent (Meta-PA) Planning-Cell Managers Shared plan model and representation based on extenstions to Act formalism Communication Protocols Transport Level: robust, reuse existing technology Content Level: high-level performatives Plan Server - central repository for plans and related information Process Management - extensible set of reactive control policies for implementing problem-solving strategies Support- documentation of each agent’s I/O, Wrappers for individual technologies MPA Components

  5. Messages use KQML-like performatives: communication performatives plan performatives MPA wrappers and libraries for: message passing multithreaded processing tracing and logging of messages Communication substrates: KQML (Lockheed-Martin and UMBC) ILU (Xerox PARC) OAA (SRI International) Communication

  6. Requesting solutions from the meta-PCM: (:evaluate :content (:multiple-solve :task “air-superiority” :advice-contexts ((“yuma” (:ingress-at-yuma :deny-air-picture)) (“yuma-sf” (:ingress-at-yuma :ingress-2-at-san-francisco :breach-at-two-places))))) Retrieving the plan from the plan server: (:ask-all :content (:query-plan :task “air-superiority” :plan “plan-yuma-sf” :view :ascii) Examples of MPA messages

  7. Central repository for planning information Hierarchical model of plans (plans, tasks, and action networks) Answers queries about the plan, providing multiple views Supports a broad range of plan management capabilities Annotations - declarations of high-level attributes of plans, planning process Product Annotation: pedigree, flaws, plan quality, resource status Process Annotation: time spent on plan components, current status Triggers - rules used to notify cell agents of planning events Example: trigger notifies PCM of overutilized resource annotation, PCM reacts by changing planning strategy MPA Plan Server

  8. Validate MPA by integrating several systems in DARPA Planning Initiative (TIE 97-1): INSPECT (ISI) OPIS (CMU) Advisable Planner (SRI) SIPE-2 (SRI) ACS (UMass) Process Panel (AIAI -UEdin) APAT (ISX) VISAGE (MAYA) Domain is Air Campaign Planning thousands of objects, several thousand nodes in each plan plan down to support mission level (must allocate supporting resources) air superiority objective only targets grouped into networks which depend on other networks network effectiveness is modeled quantitatively MPA Applied to ACP

  9. Meta Planning-Cell Manager (PRS) Plan Server Cue: ACT2 (TEST (ready unit1)) ACT1 Cue: Answer query Annotations Triggers TIE 97-1 Architecture MPA Planning Agents MPA Agent Evaluation Toolkit Process Monitor APAT GUI Plan Viewer ACS VISAGE Advisable Planner (SIPE-2) Planner (SIPE-2) Scheduler (OPIS) Planning-Cell Manager (PRS) Inspect

  10. Sept 98 - EFX 98, Ft. Walton Beach FL May 98 - ARPI Workshop, Monterey CA Feb 98 - DARPA, Arlington VA Dec 97 - JFACC PMR, San Pedro CA Nov 97 - ARPI Workshop, San Francisco CA DARPA TIE 97-1Demonstrations Increasing Capabilities

  11. Cue: ACT2 (TEST (ready unit1)) Cue: ACT1 PlanOne-Level Plan Server (PRS) Cue: ACT2 (TEST (ready unit1)) ACT1 Cue: Answer query Annotations Triggers Inside an MPAPlanning Cell Create a plan PA GUI/Advice Manager (AP and PRS) Plan Complete Meta-PA Planning-Cell Manager (PRS) Planning-Cell Designator Create a plan Request: Plan ok? Plan Complete or PA (meta-PA) Critic Manager all (SIPE-2) Request Expand Next Level PA Temporal Reasoner (Tachyon) Cue: ACT2 (TEST (ready unit1)) Cue: ACT1 Resource Critic PA Temporal Reasoner (OPIS) PA Scheduler (OPIS) PA Schedule Critic (new) PA (meta-PA) Search Manager one-level (SIPE-2) OPIS PA Temporal Constraint Critic (SIPE-2) KQML Agent Message SIPE-2 SRI International

  12. Cue: ACT2 (TEST (ready unit1)) Cue: ACT1 PlanOne-Level Plan Server (PRS) Platoon A PDA Platoon B PDA Platoon C PDA Cue: ACT2 (TEST (ready unit1)) ACT1 Cue: Answer query Annotations Triggers MPAPDA Cell Higher Echelon: Plan Complete Create a plan Company Commander Cell Manager (CPEF) Cell Designator New Op Order Request: Modify plan Plan Complete Planner (SIPE-2, O-Plan) Cue: ACT2 (TEST (ready unit1)) Cue: ACT1 Resource Critic At WTA Terrain Reasoner Fire Control Planner (e.g.) KQML Agent Message SRI International

  13. Cue: ACT2 (TEST (ready unit1)) Cue: ACT1 PlanOne-Level Cell Manager Cell Manager Planner Planner Subordinate PDA Subordinate PDA Plan Server Terrain Reasoner Logistics Visualization/Comparison Agent Multiple PDA Cell Configuration Higher Echelon Cell Manager (CPEF) Plan Plan PDA Cell PDA Cell New Order New Order Possibly Shared Agents KQML SRI International Message

  14. Facilitate collaboration: agents exchange information and influence each other during planning can easily explore different degrees of collaboration Can more easily explore/evaluate: different organizational units for flexible control policies different planning styles and strategies new or alternative technologies Opportunities Enabled by MPA

  15. Backup Slides

  16. The Problem • Support rapid, accurate military decision making in information-rich warfighting environment

  17. Communication Performative Plan Performative Example MPA Performatives :annotation Insert Delete Ask-All Ask-One :trigger Insert Delete Ask-All Ask-One :update-task Tell Delete :update-plan Tell Delete :query-task Ask-all Ask-One :query-plan Ask-All Ask-One :query-node Ask-All Ask-One :ping Evaluate :pcd Tell Performatives accepted by the Plan Server

  18. Hierarchically organized collection of planning agents Composed dynamially by the Planning-Cell Manager Planning Cell Designator (PCD) provides registry of agents to fill various roles: Planner: SIPE-2 Scheduler: OPIS Distribute tasks and PCD to PAs and meta-PAs Each cell includes a plan server meta-PA Plan Server PA PA PA meta-PA PA PA Planning Cells Planning cell: Planning-Cell Manager

  19. Persistent agent continuously accepting tasks Oversees problem-solving within a Planning Cell Provides a range of problem-solving behaviors and strategies user-configurable can adapts strategies in response to runtime activities PRS-based PCM PCD and process state encoded in PRS database strategies encoded in Acts Example strategy: expand and critique by levels implemented by 14 Acts small library of different PCMs various cell configurations, problem-solving strategies Planning Cell Manager (PCM)

  20. Planning cell composed of a set of planning cells A Meta-PCM controls and coordinates the cells Accepts multiple planning requests, including advice Distributes tasks to available planning cells Gathers results for possible comparison Meta Planning-Cells Meta Planning-Cell: Meta Planning-Cell Manager Planning Cell Planning Cell Planning Cell

  21. PRS-based Plan Server in current MPA applications builds on reactive control capabilities grounded in the Act Formalism model for plans Task: problem to be solved, advice, assumptions Action Networks: partial orders of activities, at multiple abstraction levels Plan: linked sets of action networks Nodes: individual activites (goals, actions) limited persistence, versioning, browsing, and no access control Act Plan Server

  22. Cue: ACT2 (TEST (ready unit1)) Cue: ACT1 PlanOne-Level Planning-Cell Manager Planning-Cell Manager Search Manager Search Manager Critic Manager Critic Manager Plan Server Cue: Temporal Reasoner ACT2 Scheduler (TEST (ready unit1)) ACT1 Cue: Answer query Annotations Simulator Visualization/Comparison Triggers Agent MPA Multiple Planning-Cell Configuration Meta Planning- Cell Manager (PRS) task solved task solved Planning Cell Planning Cell request solution to task request solution to task Shared Agents Shared Agents KQML SRI International Message

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