Unidad 1 Etapa 2 Español 1

1. Apuntes de gramática Unidad 1 Etapa 2 Español 1

2. Familiar greetings Formal greetings • ¿Cómoestás? • ¿Quétal? • Tú • Use with a friend, a family member, or someone younger. • ¿Cómoestáusted? • Usted • Use with a person you don’t know, someone older, or someone for whom you want to show respect. Describing people (subject pronouns)

3. Definite and indefinite articles Masculine • Indefinite articles: the gender of a noun must be learned. Usually nouns ending with –o are masculine. Nouns ending with –a are femenine. Femenine Using definite articles with specific things. Nouns name people,animals,places,or things.*All spanish nouns have masculine or femenine genders. El chico.  La chica. When the nouns identify one item, they are singular,when they identify more than one item, they are plural. In spanish, the definite article that accompanies a noun will match its gender and number. Singular + Plural

4. Adjectives describe nouns.likearticles,they match the gender of the nouns they describe. In spanish,they follow the noun. Masculine adjectives end in –O Femenine adjectives end in –A . Most adjectives that end in –e ,match both genders. Ex: el chicopaciente La chicapaciente. Many adjectives that end with a consonant match both genders. Ex: el chicofenomenal. La chicafenomenal. some add an –a to become femenine. These adjectives must be learned. Ex: el chicotrabajador becomes la chicatrabajadora. Adjectives to describe :NUMBER Adjectives must also match the number of nouns they describe. To make an adjective plural,add“s” if it ends with a vowel and ”es” if it ends with a consonant. When an adjective describes a group with both genders, the masculine form of the adjective is used. Spanish Adjectives Same word