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Pyramids on the Nile

This text explores the influence of geography on the development of Egyptian civilization, including the role of the Nile river, the challenges posed by the environment, the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, the ancient Egyptian religion, social structure, and technological advancements. It also discusses the decline of the Old Kingdom and the significance of hieroglyphics in Egyptian writing.

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Pyramids on the Nile

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  1. Pyramids on the Nile Objectives: Summarize the effect of geography on the development of Egyptian culture. Explain how Egypt united into a kingdom. Describe ancient Egyptian religion, social structure, and technology. Explain the decline of the Old Kingdom.

  2. The Geography of Egypt • Egypt’s settlements arose along the Nile river • The river made the dry desert fertile for farming • Yearly flooding also contributed to rich soil • Provided ease of transportation A tomb relief depicts workers plowing the fields, harvesting the crops, and threshing the grain under the direction of an overseer.

  3. Environmental Challenges • Reduced flooding led to agricultural failure • Over flooding destroyed houses and granaries • The vast deserts on either side of the Nile acted as a barrier to other cultures • Implications? Egypt is often referred to as the gift of the Nile. How does this picture illustrate that?

  4. The Rule of Ancient Egypt • The region along the southern part of the Nile was known as Upper Egypt due to its elevation • Lower Egypt was the region along the northern portion of the Nile • For years, Egyptian villages lived under the rule of two separate kingdoms, Upper and Lower Egypt • Eventually the two kingdoms were united under King Narmer • Unification occurred around 3000 B.C. • Established the capitol at Memphis, where the two kingdoms met • Why?

  5. Pharaohs Rule as Gods • Pharaoh – King of Egypt • Viewed as living gods • Established a theocracy • Theocracy – Type of government in which rule is based on religious authority • Egyptians believed that their king ruled even after death • Pyramid – Structure designed to serve as a tomb for deceased pharaohs Egyptian wall painting of the gods Ra and Osiris.

  6. Egyptian Culture • Egyptians were polytheistic • Egyptians believed in the afterlife • Weighing of the soul • Royal and elite Egyptians would have their bodies preserved • Mummification – Embalming and drying of a corpse to prevent decaying Anubis was the ancient Egyptian god associated with mummification and burial rituals; here, he attends to a mummy. Tutankhamun coffinette and mummy.

  7. Life in Egyptian Society • Egyptian Social Classes • Egyptian society formed a pyramid • Royalty at the top, peasants at the bottom • Social mobility • Women had many rights • Egyptian Writing • Hieroglyphics – Form of pictographic writing • Papyrus – Reeds used to make a paper like sheet • Egyptian Science and Technology • Calendar • Mathematics • Architecture • Medicine Egyptian hieroglyphics.

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