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Ch 11: The Age of Imperialism Sec 4: Imperialism in Latin America

Unit 3: Industrialization and Nationalism. Ch 11: The Age of Imperialism Sec 4: Imperialism in Latin America. I. Power Struggles in Mexico. Early Conflicts Independence from Spain – 1821 Under rule of Antonio de Santa Anna (1833-1855)

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Ch 11: The Age of Imperialism Sec 4: Imperialism in Latin America

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  1. Unit 3: Industrialization and Nationalism Ch 11: The Age of ImperialismSec 4: Imperialism in Latin America

  2. I. Power Struggles in Mexico Early Conflicts • Independence from Spain – 1821 • Under rule of Antonio de Santa Anna (1833-1855) • Benito Juarez came to power & tried to reform economy, 1855 • Led to civil war (1858-1861) Second Mexican Empire, 1864-1867 • 1861 – French Emperor Napoleon III est. puppet govt. under Maximilian(Austrian Archduke) • Maximilian executed after French withdrew troops • Mexico re-established republic under B.Juarez

  3. Mexican Revolution • Juarez died & Porfirio Diaz took over • Est. dictatorship that favored wealthy • Imprisoned opponent- reformer Francisco Madero • Madero released, fled to US, and starts rebellion • Supported by Pancho Villa & Emilio Zapata, who led raids against Diaz govt. • Madero elected president in 1912 but soon overthrown by army (Gen. Victoriano Huerta) • Both Villa & Zapata attacked Huerta’s army in protest • U.S. Marines sent to restore order in 1912

  4. Carranza Takes Over Venustiano Carranza 1914: Huerta resigns / Venustiano Carranza became new president • U.S. recognized Carranza govt. but Villa & Zapata start another civil war • Villa attacks Texas towns to discourage U.S. • US Army chases Villa back into Mexico but fail to catch him • Villa agrees to stop attacks by 1920 • 1917- Carranza works to reform Mexico but unable to lead them out of poverty

  5. II. Growing U.S. Influence

  6. Cuba • 1860s – Cuba fought for independence from Spain • Spain exiled revolutionary leaders • Jose Marti inspires Cuban revolutionaries from NYC • 1895- Marti founds Cuban Revolutionary Party, returns to Cuba, joins uprising against Spanish • Spain overreact; tries to crush rebellion, killing Marti • Spanish Gen. Valeriano “Butcher” Weyler est. concentration camps & commits atrocities

  7. Spanish-American War, 1898 • U.S. sympathy for Cuba • Seen as “freedom fighters” • Power of press – yellow journalism • “Remember the Maine” • Feb. 1898 – USS Maine explodes in Havana Harbor • Papers blame Spanish espionage • “A Splendid Little War” • U.S. easily defeated Spain in Cuba & Philippines in less than 3 months • U.S. acquires Puerto Rico, Guam, & Philippines in treaty; Cuba becomes U.S. protectorate (Platt Amendment)

  8. Revolt in the Philippines • Filipinos, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, rebel against U.S. imperialism • Believed they would be independent after Spanish control • Over 200,000 Filipinos killed! ; Revolt failed • U.S. controls Philippines till 1935

  9. Panama Canal (1904-1914) • 1880s–French began construction; bogged down • U.S. bought land in 1903 but Colombia (in control over Panama) refused to let U.S. build • Pres. T. Roosevelt encouraged revolution to overthrow Colombian govt. & make Panama independent country • Revolution successful & U.S. given permission to continue with canal • Completed in 1914 (made trip from CA to NY 8,000 mi. shorter)

  10. The U.S. Increases Power in Latin America The U.S. Warns Europe • 1823 – Monroe Doctrine issued declaring the Americas to be off limits to Europe • By late 1800s, Europe economically involved in Latin America • T.R. developed Roosevelt Corollaryto Monroe Doctrine; U.S. would use military force to keep Europe out The U.S. Intervenes in Latin American Affairs • US will send troops several times in 1900s to keep stability in area • Haiti, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, & Cuba • Took over control of these nations’ finances to keep Europe out & “prevent financial chaos”

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