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Art and the Catholic Reformation

Art and the Catholic Reformation. Elements of the Baroque Movement. Baroque Style. Exaggerated motion Clear, easily interpreted details Aimed at the senses and emotions Used dramatic scenes to emphasize religious events Attempted to overwhelm the viewer. Council of Trent & Art.

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Art and the Catholic Reformation

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  1. Art and the Catholic Reformation

  2. Elements of the Baroque Movement

  3. Baroque Style • Exaggerated motion • Clear, easily interpreted details • Aimed at the senses and emotions • Used dramatic scenes to emphasize religious events • Attempted to overwhelm the viewer

  4. Council of Trent & Art Teach the faithful • Theology of the Holy Fathers • Mysteries of Redemption • Articles of Faith • Be moved by the Saints • Model their lives after the Saints

  5. Other Objectives • Promote thanksgiving • Remind the worshipper of God’s gifts • Give instruction to the illiterate • Instructions to the Church leadership • Keep the focus on traditional images • Recover souls lost to the Protestant Reformation

  6. Warnings in Trent • Do not suggest that the images contain divinity • Remove any images that promote false teaching • Do not pursue “filthy quest for gain” or promote superstition • Do not create art with “seductive charm”

  7. Do not make the work of the saints look like “boisterous festivities” • Nothing should appear disorderly of arranged in a confusing matter • Nothing profane • No unusual images

  8. Aims (Trent and Beyond) • Combat Reformation and the Scientific Revolution • Reach a large audience • Embody religions experience • Images could have an efficacious impact in devotion • Impress the faithful of the reality of the spiritual experience of the Church • Propaganda

  9. Other Guidelines For Church Art • Be clear, simple and intelligible • Contain a realistic interpretation • Be an emotional stimulant to the faithful masses • Support of transcend the spoken word • Emphasis on the mystical • A tool for instructing the illiterate

  10. Important Themes • Depiction of correct doctrine • Magnificence of Church • Emphasis on passion and devotion • The reality of the spiritual experience • Visions and mystical experiences • Conversion • Martyrdom and Death

  11. Reach A Large Audience San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane - Borromini Worship of the Holy Name of Jesus - Pozzo Baldachin over the High Altar of St. Peter's - Bernini

  12. Be Moved By the Lives of the Saints St. Jerome - Caravaggio St. George and the Dragon - Tintoretto Judith Slaying Holofernes - Gentileschi

  13. Saints - Martyrdom Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew - Ribera Crucifixion of St. Peter -Caravaggio Martyrdom of St. Matthew - Caravaggio

  14. Teach The Faith Calling of St. Matthew - Caravaggio Supper at Emmaus - Caravaggio Doubting Thomas - Caravaggio The Entombment - Caravaggio

  15. Teach the Faith The Nativity - Barocci Assumption of the Virgin - Carracci Dead Christ Mourned- Carracci

  16. Teach the Faith St. Luke Displaying A Painting of the Virgin - Barbieri Triumph of the Barberini - Cortona

  17. Emotional and Religious Experiences The Conversion of St. Paul - Caravaggio Ecstasy of St. Teresa - Bernini Last Supper - Tintoretto

  18. Emotional and Religions Experiences St. Francis in Ecstasy - Caravaggio Finding of St. Mark’s Remains -Tintoretto Mystical Marriage of Saint Catherine - Carracci

  19. Evolution of the Movement • Spreads across Europe – even to Protestant countries • Spread (via the Jesuits) around the globe • Secular subjects • Became a political propaganda tool

  20. To what extent did Baroque Art achieve its purposes?

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