Industrial Revolution: Key Concepts

1. Industrial Revolution:Key Concepts Answer questions in this color USING COMPLETE SENTENCES on page ____ of your SS Notebook.

2. What is the Industrial Revolution? • Started in late 1700s in Britain. • New tech sped up textile production • originally powered by water wheels. • Britain had lots of coal. • Steam Engine was invented in 1760s to clear water out of coal mines—by 1780s was used to power factories. ***SWITCH FROM MUSCLE POWER TO MACHINE POWER*** • Britain had suppliers of cotton from U.S., Caribbean, Egypt, India, etc. • All of these colonies (and other places, like China) also served as markets to sell goods to… #1: Why do we call this time period the Industrial REVOLUTION?

3. What is the Industrial Revolution? • Started in late 1700s in Britain. • New tech sped up textile production • Originally powered by water wheels. • Britain had lots of coal. • Steam Engine was invented in 1760s to clear water out of coal mines—by 1780s was used to power factories. ***SWITCH FROM MUSCLE POWER TO MACHINE POWER*** • Britain had suppliers of cotton from U.S., Caribbean, Egypt, India, etc. • All of these colonies (and other places, like China) also served as markets to sell goods to… #2: What advantages made Britain the first to develop industrialization?

4. Industrialization Spreads • Industrializaion spread to Northwest Europe and the northeastern U.S. in the 1820s • Later to Russia, Japan, elsewhere. • Britain was leader until U.S. surpassed it in early 20th Century. Germany was third strongest. #3: Where else was industrialization common by the end of the 19th century?

5. Railroads • Railroads made it easy to ship goods to market. • Railroads spurred further development of coal and steel industries and led to development of large national businesses. #4: Why were railroads important in the Industrial Revolution?

6. Capitalism • Capitalism is the form of economy that led to the growth of industry at this time. • Capitalism is an economic system in which the “means of production” are privately owned and operated for personal profit. • In other words, a few people owned the factories and were getting wealthy off of the growth of industry. #5: In a few words, explain what capitalism means.

7. Corporations • As industries grew bigger, a new form of company developed, the corporation. • Corporations pool money from several investors (each of whom profit when the corporation makes money), but those individual investors are not personally responsible if the corporation loses money. • This encouraged investment in new industries. #6: What is a corporation and why were they important in the Industrial Revolution?

8. Socialism • As the rich grew richer and the poor grew poorer, the idea of socialism became more and more popular. • Socialists felt that the wealth generated by industry should be shared by everyone. • Karl Marx and other socialists said that the state (the government) should own the “means of production” and run the economy in a way that would benefit the public. • Many workers formed unions and joined political parties that supported improvements for workers. #7: In a few words, explain what socialism means. What was the result of the spread of socialist ideas?

9. Effects of the Industrial Revolution • Nature of work changed • Farming and working from home involved much more downtime and self-direction. • Factory work was monotonous (repetitive and boring)…and dangerous • Industrial accidents • Deformities from overwork • Pollution • Poverty  malnutrition, etc. • Child labor was common • Urbanization (stats for Europe) • 17% lived in cities in 1801 • 35% by 1851 • 54% by 1891 #8: “Some of the effects of the Industrial Revolution included…” (make a bullet-pointed list)