Understanding Emotions: Theories and Reactions

1. Chapter 13: Emotion Show your Feelings Let’s get Physical How do I feel? What’s so upsetting? What a rush! 100

2. 1. The belief that emotions are experienced following physical response is the: • A) the two-factor theory. • B) the Cannon-Bard theory. • C) the James-Lange theory. • D) self-efficacy theory.

3. 2. The idea that an emotional-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological response and the subjective experience of emotion is: • A) the James-Lange theory. • B) the Cannon-Bard theory. • C) the two-factor theory. • D) the three-factor theory.

4. 3. The two-factor theory of emotion differs from the James-Lange and the Cannon-Bard in that: • A) physiological arousal is not always necessary. • B) emotional experience precedes physiological arousal. • C) physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously. • D) a cognitive label precedes emotional experience.

5. 4. When aroused, your heart rate increases, your pupils dilate, and you may sweat, indicating activation of the part of your nervous system called: • A) the amygdala. • B) the sympathetic nervous system. • C) the parasympathetic nervous system. • D) the peripheral nervous system.

6. A professional tennis player will usually perform better when: • A) arousal is high. • B) arousal is low. • C) competition is easy. • D) he/she is more relaxed.

7. 6. A polygraph is an instrument that detects: • A) lying. • B) guilt and lies. • C) physical responses. • D) truth.

8. 7. Polygraph exams are not used to determine guilt or innocence in court because: • A) they are too expensive. • B) people do not give consent. • C) polygraphs are fakery. • D) 1/3 of innocents are found guilty.

9. 8. The expression, “Arousal fuels emotion, cognition channels it,” is a summation of: • A) the Schachter and Singer experiment. • B) the Cannon-Bard theory. • C) the James-Lange theory. • D) how polygraphs work.

10. 9. When you are faced with a threatening stimulus, there is a “shortcut” neural pathway to allow a speedy emotional response, and it runs from the: • A) hypothalamus to the amygdala. • B) amygdala to the cerebral cortex. • C) hypothalamus to the medulla. • D) thalamus to the amygdala.

11. 10. The amygdala sends more neural impulses to the cerebral cortex than it receives, resulting in: • A) emotions occurring before thoughts. • B) our feelings more easily ruling our thoughts. • C) some people becoming very anxious. • D) confusion about what we are feeling.

12. 11. People abused as children are more prone to interpret expressions in others as anger, giving evidence that: • A) abuse leads to heightened anger. • B) abuse results in fearful people. • C) prior experience can sensitize us to certain emotions. • D) early childhood experiences cripple us for life.

13. 12. Emotionally, women surpass men in their ability to: • A) read people’s emotional cues. • B) spot lying. • C) tell whether two people are really in love. • D) all of the above.

14. 13. Without training, the average person can detect someone lying: • A) about half the time. • B) about 73% of the time. • C) about 68% of the time. • D) about 85% of the time.

15. 14. When traveling around the world, facial expressions: • A) differ with each culture. • B) are universal across cultures. • C) are similar among races. • D) differ when comparing western to eastern cultures.

16. 15. When Steven held a pen in his teeth, the comic strip seemed funnier to him. This is explained by the: • A) grin and bear it theory. • B) facial drift theory. • C) behavior feedback phenomenon. • D) acting “as if” phenomenon.

17. 16. Carol Izard (1977) isolated 10 basic emotions seen in infants, including all of the following, except: • A) anger • B) love • C) guilt • D) contempt

18. 17. Monkeys raised in the wild naturally fear snakes, while those raised in the lab do not. This is because wild monkeys: • A) are taught not to fear snakes. • B) have a particularly strong nervous system reaction to snake bites. • C) have all been bitten by snakes in the wild. • D) have learned to fear snakes by observing the reactions of other monkeys.

19. 18. If the amygdala is suppressed or severely damaged: • A) fear may not be learned. • B) there will be fear, but he/she will not remember it. • C) fear will be heightened. • D) fear will be constant.

20. 19. Julie has an extreme fear of spiders. She is unable to go outside in the summer for fear that there may be a spider somewhere. She is suffering from a: • A) problem with her amygdala. • B) neurological problem. • C) phobia. • D) bad experience with a spider.

21. 20. When identical twins are reared apart: • A) their response to fear is very different. • B) their response to fear is like their adoptive parents. • C) their response to fear is very similar. • D) their response to fear is no more alike than any other two people.

22. 21. Karen’s therapist encouraged her to “get her anger out” by punching a pillow. Her therapist values the concept of: • A) emotional expression. • B) catharsis. • C) cognitive therapy. • D) relationship therapy.

23. 22. The best advice given by your text for dealing with angry feelings includes all of the following, except: • A) just wait a while. • B) blow off steam by punching a pillow. • C) talk with a friend. • D) play a musical instrument.

24. 23. If you were collecting for a charity, you would likely be more successful if you approached: • A) Mary, who was just complimented by her boss. • B) John, who just paid a large bill. • C) Steven, who was insulted by a peer. • D) Joyce, who was just in an automobile accident.

25. 24: When looking at the relation of wealth to happiness, the research strongly suggests: • A) money has no relation to happiness. • B) once we get above the poverty level, there is no relation. • C) wealth has a slight relation to happiness. • D) money has a significant relation to happiness.

26. 25. According to the relative deprivation theory: • A) we compare ourselves to people in our family. • B) we feel deprived if someone has something we don’t have. • C) we feel deprived if we are worse off than we were before. • D) we judge our happiness on where we are in relation to our peers.

27. Answers Stop here, or continue as a review

28. 1. The belief that emotions are experienced following physical response is the: • A) the two-factor theory. • B) the Cannon-Bard theory. • C) the James-Lange theory. • D) self-efficacy theory. 514

29. 2. The idea that an emotional-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological response and the subjective experience of emotion is: • A) the James-Lange theory. • B) the Cannon-Bard theory. • C) the two-factor theory. • D) the three-factor theory. 514

30. 3. The two-factor theory of emotion differs from the James-Lange and the Cannon-Bard in that: • A) physiological arousal is not always necessary. • B) emotional experience precedes physiological arousal. • C) physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously. • D) a cognitive label precedes emotional experience. 514

31. 4. When aroused, your heart rate increases, your pupils dilate, and you may sweat, indicating activation of the part of your nervous system called: • A) the amygdala. • B) the sympathetic nervous system. • C) the parasympathetic nervous system. • D) the peripheral nervous system. 516

32. A professional tennis player will usually perform better when: • A) arousal is high. • B) arousal is low. • C) competition is easy. • D) he/she is more relaxed. 517

33. 6. A polygraph is an instrument that detects: • A) lying. • B) guilt and lies. • C) physical responses. • D) truth. 520

34. 7. Polygraph exams are not used to determine guilt or innocence in court because: • A) they are too expensive. • B) people do not give consent. • C) polygraphs are fakery. • D) 1/3 of innocents are found guilty. 520

35. 8. The expression, “Arousal fuels emotion, cognition channels it,” is a summation of: • A) the Schachter and Singer experiment. • B) the Cannon-Bard theory. • C) the James-Lange theory. • D) how polygraphs work. 520

36. 9. When you are faced with a threatening stimulus, there is a “shortcut” neural pathway to allow a speedy emotional response, and it runs from the: • A) hypothalamus to the amygdala. • B) amygdala to the cerebral cortex. • C) hypothalamus to the medulla. • D) thalamus to the amygdala. 522

37. 10. The amygdala sends more neural impulses to the cerebral cortex than it receives, resulting in: • A) emotions occurring before thoughts. • B) our feelings more easily ruling our thoughts. • C) some people becoming very anxious. • D) confusion about what we are feeling. 522

38. 11. People abused as children are more prone to interpret expressions in others as anger, giving evidence that: • A) abuse leads to heightened anger. • B) abuse results in fearful people. • C) prior experience can sensitize us to certain emotions. • D) early childhood experiences cripple us for life. 525

39. 12. Emotionally, women surpass men in their ability to: • A) read people’s emotional cues. • B) spot lying. • C) tell whether two people are really in love. • D) all of the above. 525

40. 13. Without training, the average person can detect someone lying: • A) about half the time. • B) about 73% of the time. • C) about 68% of the time. • D) about 85% of the time. 527

41. 14. When traveling around the world, facial expressions: • A) differ with each culture. • B) are universal across cultures. • C) are similar among races. • D) differ when comparing western to eastern cultures. 529

42. 15. When Steven held a pen in his teeth, the comic strip seemed funnier to him. This is explained by the: • A) grin and bear it theory. • B) facial drift theory. • C) behavior feedback phenomenon. • D) acting “as if” phenomenon. 531

43. 16. Carol Izard (1977) isolated 10 basic emotions seen in infants, including all of the following, except: • A) anger. • B) love. • C) guilt. • D) contempt. 532

44. 17. Monkeys raised in the wild naturally fear snakes, while those raised in the lab do not. This is because wild monkeys: • A) are taught not to fear snakes. • B) have a particularly strong nervous system reaction to snake bites. • C) have all been bitten by snakes in the wild. • D) have learned to fear snakes by observing the reactions of other monkeys. 533

45. 18. If the amygdala is suppressed or severely damaged: • A) fear may not be learned. • B) there will be fear, but he/she will not remember it. • C) fear will be heightened. • D) fear will be constant. 535

46. 19. Julie has an extreme fear of spiders. She is unable to go outside in the summer for fear that there may be a spider somewhere. She is suffering from a: • A) problem with her amygdala. • B) neurological problem. • C) phobia. • D) bad experience with a spider. 535

47. 20. When identical twins are reared apart: • A) their response to fear is very different. • B) their response to fear is like their adoptive parents. • C) their response to fear is very similar. • D) their response to fear is no more alike than any other two people. 535

48. 21. Karen’s therapist encouraged her to “get her anger out” by punching a pillow. Her therapist values the concept of: • A) emotional expression. • B) catharsis. • C) cognitive therapy. • D) relationship therapy. 536

49. 22. The best advice given by your text for dealing with angry feelings includes all of the following, except: • A) just wait a while. • B) blow off steam by punching a pillow. • C) talk with a friend. • D) play a musical instrument. 536

50. 23. If you were collecting for a charity, you would likely be more successful if you approached: • A) Mary, who was just complimented by her boss. • B) John, who just paid a large bill. • C) Steven, who was insulted by a peer. • D) Joyce, who was just in an automobile accident. 537