Physics case of SPIRAL 2 and EURISOL

1. Physics case of SPIRAL 2 and EURISOL • SPIRAL2 and EURISOL facilities • Available Beams • Physics Case • Conclusions

2. Primary beams:  deuterons  heavy ions 6. SHE 4. N=Z Isol+In-flight 5. Transfermiums In-flight 2. Fusion reaction with n-rich beams 1. Fission products (with converter) 3. Fission products (without converter) 8. Deep Inelastic Reactions with RNB 7. High Intensity Light RIB • Intermediate step between existing ISOL RIB facilities, and future projects like EURISOL or RIA. • Heavy-Ion driver (A/Q=3, 14.5 AMeV, up to 1mA) 1013-1014 fissions/s

3. Investment: 72MEuros First beam: 2009 CIME Cyclotron RNB (fission-fragments) E < 6-7 MeV/u Production Cave C converter+UCx target > 1013 fiss./s Low energy RNB “SILHI-deut.” 5mA SC - LINAC E = 14.5 AMeV HI A/Q=3 E = 40 MeV - 2H ECRIS-HI 1mA M. Lewitowicz NuPECC meeting Paris, November 2004

4. Accelerated Beam Intensities (pps) Examples Relatively easy beams: Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Ag, Cd, In, Sb, I, Xe, Cs 136Sn: ~1/min www.ganil.fr/research/developmens/spiral2

5. Operation of SPIRAL2 & GANIL

6. EURISOL Driver as proposed today :1GeV proton SC-LINAC, up to 5mA (light heavy-ion option under consideration) Two beams: 100µA 5mA Investment : 613MEuros First beam : > 2015 Experimental area

7. EURISOL - Post Accelerator & Experimental Area lay-out Low energy (<670 keV/u) Astrophysics (<3.2 MeV/u) Medium energy (<18 MeV/u) High energy (<100 MeV/u)

9. Kr isotopes SPIRAL 2 & EURISOL yields after acceleration compared to other ISOL facilities Intensity (pps) Mass Number

10. EURISOL FAIR EURISOL & FAIR yields after acceleration compared to other ISOL facilities Intensity (pps) Mass Number

11. The Physics case of SPIRAL 2 & EURISOL Heavy and Super Heavy Elements Position of drip-lines Equation of State N=Z rp-process r-process path Shell structure far from stability Spins&Shapes Spins & Shapes Production of isotopes Beta beams Neutrons for science Haloes & Structures in the Continuum

12. Physics with Radioactive Ion BeamsReactions & Rates(From 0 to 100 MeV/n) 2000 2010

13. Nuclear Physics with SPIRAL 2 Beams: Examples N=Z nuclei Heavy nuclei & SHE Shells and shapes r-process Masses & half-lives Capture cross sections Halo nuclei (Ex. fusion and transfer reactions) Clusters and molecules

14. 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 Ho 67 165 Quadrupole deformation zone Dy 66 164 Tb 65 159 Gd 64 146 160 Eu 63 153 Sm 62 154 Pm 61 Nd 60 150 Pr 59 141 102 Ce 58 Octupole deformation « Gaps » 142 La 57 139 145 100 Ba 56 138 145 Cs 55 133 Xe 54 98 136 I 53 94 96 127 Te 52 130 Sb 51 123 Sn 50 92 124 132 In 49 115 Cd 48 88 90 116 Ag 47 109 Pd 46 110 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 Rh 45 103 Spherical robust gaps Ru 44 104 Tc 43 99 Mo42 100 Nb 41 93 Zr 40 90 96 Spherical fragile gaps 89 Y 39 Sr 38 88 98 100 Rb 37 87 Kr 36 86 Br 35 Fission region 81 Se 34 82 As 33 75 Ge 32 76 Ga 31 71 Zn 30 Deformed gaps 70 Cu 29 65 Ni 28 64 78

15. Shape coexistence Z 74Kr oblate prolate E(MeV) HF+BCS calculations F. Becker, P.Bonche, P.H. Heenen

16. Shape coexistence 74Kr(3.5 AMeV) +208Pb 76Kr Q = -1.45(35) Q = 1.35(19) Q = -1.41(16) Q = -0.55(18) Oblate excited 2+ state 2 On-line Doppler corrected spectrum E. Bouchez et al.  gs band prolate: first measurement Results of SPIRAL experiments Coulex calculations : GOSIA

17. Neutron-rich nuclei as high-spin probes • Key experiments possible with SPIRAL2/EURISOL and the AGATA array • A search for hyperdeformation: For the reaction 132Sn (109/ 1010 pps) + 48Ca ->180Yb*, the cross section for forming a compound nucleus with angular momentum L ≥ 70 is expected to be around 100 mb, leading to some 108 /109 high-spin events per day. Adopted from EURISOL Report 2003

18. X-ray burst(RXTE) > 1012 4U1728-34 331 330 Frequency (Hz) 329 328 327 10 15 20 Time (s) Future intensities (nuc/s) 102 1010 10-2 10-6 106 p process r process Metal poor halo stars(Keck, HST) rp process Supernova EC Z protons crust processes Courtesy of H. Schatz neutrons E0102-72.3 Masses, half-lives, Pn values, isomeric states, neutron and proton capture cross sections...

19. SPIRAL 2: 90,91Kr/137-140Xe ≈ 1010 pps 92-98Sr / 118-123Cd ≈ 108 pps 128-132Sn / 127-133Sb / 134-137I ≈ 109 pps Dubna 48Ca + Actin. 115 287 32 ms 115 288 87 ms GSI Proj. + 208Pb,209Bi 113 283 100 ms 113 284 0.48 s 111 279 170 ms 111 280 3.6 s Mt 275 9.7 ms Mt 276 0.72 s sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 Kr/Xe + Hf/Xe Bh 271 Bh 272 9.8 s sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 Kr/Xe + Lu/I sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 Kr/Sr/Sn/Sb/I/Xe + Yb/Er/Ba/Cs/I/Te sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 sp2 Db 267 73 min Db 268 16 h Kr/Sr/Sn/Sb/I/Xe + Tm/Ho/Cs/Xe/Te/Sb Kr/Sr/Cd/Sn/Sb/I/Xe + Er/Dy/Ba/Xe/I/Sb/Sn Nresidue (1n)

20. Neutrons for science - NFS « IFMIF like » neutron source: High intensity neutron source for material science (for fusion reactors like ITER). (replaced by a carbon wheel) 2x2 cm2 (1014n/s/cm2) Spiral 2 should be able to provide comparable flux densities (~ 5 -10 lower) and similar neutron energy spectrum. (~ 1015n/s/cm2 in 1 x 4 cm)

21. Medical radioisotopes from EURISOL Adopted from EURISOL Report 2003

22. For «ISOL»RNB facilitiesthe planned SPIRAL2 project at GANIL, the proposal SPES at Legnaro and the upgrade of REX-ISOLDE at CERN as well as DRIBS, EXCYT, L-la-N, MAFF… will ensure the European leadership in the near future and prepare the ground for EURISOL.Next major steps:- Green light for the construction of SPIRAL 2 (in the coming months) - The funding through the 6th FW EU program of an “EURISOL design study” which includes major R&D (Accepted, 9.1MEuros requested) - Start the discussions to establish the partners and the site location of this new facility. CONCLUSIONS