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“ NARUC ”-is programa energetikis regulirebis sferoSi partniorobisTvis

Eleqtroenergiis Sesyiduli kontraqtebi. “ NARUC ”-is programa energetikis regulirebis sferoSi partniorobisTvis saqarTvelos energetikis maregulrebeli erovnuli komisia da vermonTis sajaro samsaxuris sabWo. avtori en biSofi vermonTis sajaro samsaxuris sabWo 2008 wlis 30 ivnisi. mimoxilva.

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“ NARUC ”-is programa energetikis regulirebis sferoSi partniorobisTvis

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  1. Eleqtroenergiis Sesyiduli kontraqtebi “NARUC”-is programa energetikis regulirebis sferoSi partniorobisTvis saqarTvelos energetikis maregulrebeli erovnuli komisia da vermonTis sajaro samsaxuris sabWo avtori en biSofi vermonTis sajaro samsaxuris sabWo 2008 wlis 30 ivnisi

  2. mimoxilva • informacia • vermonTis eleqtro industria • regionaluri eleqtro industria • samarTlebrivi/maregulirebeli CarCoebi • Sesyiduli ekleqtroenergiis kontraqtebis struqtura • Sesyiduli ekleqtroenergiis kontraqtebi da sacalo tarifebi

  3. vermonTis eleqtro industria • vermonTi: • mosaxleoba – 620 000; 350 000 eleqtroobis momxmarebeli • farTobi – 9 200 kvadratuli mili (patara, sasoflo Stati) • 20 eleqtroganmanawilebeli sawarmo, maT Soris: • 3 investorebis sakuTrebaSi myofi sawarmo • 15 municipaluri sawarmo • 2 kooperatiuli sawarmo • eleqtroseqtoris bevri sawarmo Zalian mcirea • umciress mxolod 300 klienti hyavs da sistemis piki 0,5 mvt-ze naklebia • udidess ki 150 000 klienti hyavs da sistemis piki 421 mvt-s aRwevs

  4. vermonTis eleqtro industria

  5. vermonTis eleqtro industria • sabWo yvela ganmanawilebel sawarmos aregulirebs da yvela maTgani vertikalurad aris integriorebuli • Tumca, sawarmoebs generaciia Zalian mcire nawili ekuTvniT • vermonTis momxmareblebs ar gaaCniaT sacalo momwodeblis arCevis saSualeba • vermonTSi mxolod erTi eleqtrogadamcemi sawarmo arsebobs • sabWos iuridiqcia nawilobriv am sawarmozec vrceldeba • misi tarifebis regulirebas energetikis maregulirebeli federaluri komisia (FERC) axorcielebs

  6. vermonTis eleqtro industria

  7. regionaluri eleqtro industria • vermonTi axali inglisis eleqtroenergiis regionaluri sakonkurento sabiTumo bazris nawilia Vermont

  8. regionaluri eleqtro industria • axali inglisi: • mosaxleoba – 14 milioni; 6.5 milioni eleqtroenergiis klienti • 350+ generatori/eleqtrosadguri • gadamcemi xazebis sigrZe – 8 000 mili • mTliani miwodeba – 32 000 mvt • axali inglisis regionalur bazars: • aregulirebs FERC • administrirebas uwevs axali inglisis damoukidebeli sistemis operatori (ISO-NE)

  9. regionaluri eleqtro industria • regionaluri bazarze Semdegi moqmedi pirebi arseboben: • generaciis obieqtebi • energo-efeqturobis programis momwodeblebi • moTxovnaze reagirebis momwodeblebi • sawarmoebi • datvirTvis Sesabamisad momuSave sxva sawarmoebi

  10. regionaluri eleqtro industria • axal inglisShi piki zafxulis periodze modis; yvela drois umaRlesma pikurma mniSvnelobam 28 130 mvt-s miaRwia (2006 weli) • vermonTSic am bolo dros zafxulobiT gaxda pikuri, Tumca zogierTi individualuri sawarmos piki mainc zamTarze modis; yvela drois umaRlesma pikurma mniSvnelobam 1 098 mvt-s miaRwia (2006 weli) • vermonTze regionis eleqtromoxmarebis daaxlovebiT 5% modis

  11. ISO-NE • arakomerciuli korporacia; Seiqmna 1997 wels, axali inglisis eleqtroenergiis sistemaze zedamxedvelobis ganxorcielebis mizniT • da,oukidebelia regionSi biznesis mwarmoebeli kompaniebisagan • yavs damoukidebeli direqtorTa sabWo, romleTac regionis eneregetikis seqtoris kompaniebSi finansuri interesesi ar gaaCniaT

  12. ISO-NE • pasuxismgeblobis sami ZiriTadi sfero: • regionis eleqtroenergiis msxvili sistemis operireba • eleqtroenergiis sabiTumo bazrebis marTva • regionaluri eleqtroenergiis sistemis wliuri da grZelvadiani dagagmarebis procesebis ganviTareba da marTva

  13. eleqtroenergiis sabiTumo bazris wesebi • FERC amtkicebs eleqtroenergiis sabiTumo bazris wesebs; ISO-NE am wesebis ganxrcielebas zewdamxedvelobs • wesebi SemuSavebulia Semdegi miznebisT: • gadamcemi xarzis sandoobis uzrunvelyofa • generaciis obieqtebis centralizebuli dispetCerizaciis uzrunvelyofa • efeqtiani sakonkurento bazrebis Seqmna, maT Soris bazris yvela monawilisTvis (generaciis obieqtebi, bazris specialistebi, gadamcemi xazebis mesakuTreebi, energo-efeqturobis momwodeblebi da a.S.) “erTi donis saTamaSo moednis” Seqmna • swori safaso signalebis uzrunvelyofa • sabazro Zalis borotad gamoyenebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, sabazro monitoringis ganxorcieleba

  14. samarTlebrivi/ maregulirebeli CarCoebi • vermonTis kanonmdebloba moiTxovs sawarmoebisgan samuSaoebis ise dagagmvas, rom maT uzrunvelyon sazogadoebrivi saWiroebebis Sesabamisi simZlavreebis umdablesi amJamindeli-fasis sasicocxlo ciklis xarjebis Sesabamisad mowodeba • mowodeba agreTve energo-efeqturobasac moicavs • vermonTis kanonebi moiTxoven maregulireblebisagan Sesyiduli eleqtroenergiis zogierTi kontraqtebis winaswar Semowmebas • maregulireblebs agreTve SeuZliaT Seiswavlon arsebuli kontraqtebi tarifebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT

  15. resursebis dagegmareba vermonTSi • vermonTis kanonebi moiTxoven eleqtroenergiis da gazis sawarmoebisagan, rom maT moamzadon da ganaxorcielon “resursebis integrirebuli gegma” (IRP), romelic warmoadgens: “sazogadoebis energomomsaxurebis saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis gegmas, mas Semdeg rac ganxilulia usafrTxoebis sakiTxebi, umdablesi amJamindeli sasicocxlo ciklis fasad, romelic tavis mxriv unda Seicavdes garemosdacviT da ekonomikuri Rirebulebas; es yovelive xorcieldeba energomomaragebis, gadacemis da ganawilebis simZlavreebis, gadacemis da ganawilebis efeqturobis, da yovlismomcveli energoefeqturobis programebis investiciebis da danaxarjebis strategiebis kombinirebis safuZvelze.”

  16. resursebis dagegmareba vermonTSi • IRP unda Seicavdes: • datvirTvebis prognozs, rogorc sabaziso SemTxvevbisaTvis, aseve energoefeqturobaSi ganxorcielebul investiciebze Setanili Sesworebebis gaTvaliswinebiT • gancxadebuli da xelmisawvdomi resursebis gansazRvrebas (rogorc miwodebis, aseve moTxovnis mxares) • gadacemis da ganawilebis efeqturobis da sandoobis gaumjibesebis SesaZleblobebis Sefasebas • vegetatiuri marTvis gegmas • yvelaze iafi portfolios SerCevas, rac uhnda efuZnebodes integrirebul analizs, romelic Tavis mxriv ganuzRvrelobis da avariuli situciebis warmoqmnis SesaZleblobebs unda iTvaliswinebdes • gegmaSi gansazRvruli umdablesi Rirebulebis portfolios ganxorcielebisTvis aucilebel efeqtur strategiebs • sam wlian samoqmedo gegmas

  17. resursebis dagegmareba vermonTSi • eleqtroobis da gazis seqtoris sawarmoebi warudgenen IRP-ebs sabWosa da DPS-s yovel sam weliwadSi erTxel • sabWom SeiZleba isini daamtkicos, ar daamtkicos an daamtkicos garkveuli pirobebiT • damtkiceba Tavad IRP-Si gansazRvruli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesis erTerTi komponentia; Tumca igi ar efuZneba gegmaSi gansazRvrul gadawyvetilebebis miRebis konkretul instrumentebs, analitikur meTodebs an samuSaos Sedegebs

  18. eleqtroebergiis miwodebis dagamarebis principebi • imisaTvis raTa moaxdinon eleqtroenergiis miwodebis fasebTan dakavSrebuli riskebis minimizacia, mniSvnelovania, ro sawarmoebs: • gaaCndeT mravalferovani miwodebis portfolio, sawvavis wyaroebis da kontraqtebis tipebis farTi speqtri • gaaCndeT kontraqtebi wanacvlebuli moqmedebis vadiT • ar iyvnen Zlierad damokidebuli erTi generaciis obieqtze (sistemis eleqtroenergia ufro sandoa)

  19. eleqtroenergiis Sesyidva • ISO-NE-is wesebi gansazRvraven eleqtroenergiasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva produqtebis im moculobebs, romelTa uzrunvelyofaze valdebuylebac sawarmoebs ekisrebaT • sawarmoebi valdebulni arian SeiZinon sakmarisi eleqtroenergia, raTa uzrunvelyon sakuTari datvirTva • wesebi erTmaneTs ukavSireben sawarmoebisTvis aucilebel produqtebis moculobebs maT datvirTvebTan • magaliTad, ISO-NE gamoiTvlis TiToeuli sawarmos “datvirTvis wilis koeficients”; TiToeuli sawarmo valdebulia Seisyidos mTlianad regionisTvis aucilebeli produqtis Sesabamisi procentuli wili

  20. eleqtroenergiis Sesyidva • sawarmoebi pasuxismgebeli arian eleqtroenergiis Sesyidvis yvela nabijis uzrunvelyofaze; maT Soris • winadadebebze moTxovnis gamoSvebaze, Sesyiduli eleqtroenergiis kontraqtebis Sesaxeb molaparakebaze da maT gaformebaze • eleqtroenergiis Sesyidvaze regionalur sakonkurento “wina dRis” an “wertilovan” bazrebze, an grZlevadian “winaswari simZlavreebis” bazarze • zedmeti eleqtroenergiis ormxrivi kontraqtebis an regionalur bazris meSveobiT gayidvaze • gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri momsaxurebis Sesyidvaze (moTxovenbi kontraqtis pirobebzea damokidebuli) • nebismieri saWiro “damatebiTi momsaxurebebis” SeZenaze • nebismieri saWiro winaswari maregulirebebli Tanxmobebis miRebaze • eleqtroenergiis portfolios uwyvet marTvaze

  21. winaswari maregulirebeli Tanxmoba • sabWos winaswari Tanxmoba saWiroa eleqtroenergiis an simZlavreebis Statis farglebs gareT SesyidvisaTvis, Tuki aseTi Sesyidvis periodi 65 welze met xans grZeldeba da Tu moculoba sawarmos istoriuli yvelaze maRali pikuri moTxovnis 1 procents aRemateba • vermonTis kanonebi Sesabamis kriteriumebs gansazRvraven • Sesyiduli eleqtrtoenergiis sxva kontraqtebi ar saWiroeben sabWos winaswari Tanxmobis miRebas • eleqtroenergiis gayidvis kontraqtebi ar saWiroeben sabWos winaswari Tanxmobis miRebas

  22. maregulirebeli Tanxmobis kriteriumebi • es unda iyos aucilebeli amJamindeli da momavali moTxovnis dasakmayofileblad, Tanac misi dakmayofileba ufro xarjefeqturad SeuZlebeli unda iyos energokonservaciis sxva programebis da zomebis da energoefeqturobis da datvirTvis marTvis zomebis gamoyenebiT • uaryofiTad ar unda moqmedebdes sistemis stabilurobaze da sandoobaze • unda iZleodes ekonomikur sargebels StatisTvis da misi mosaxleobisTvis

  23. maregulirebeli Tanxmobis kriteriumebi • unda Seesabamebodes sawarmos damtkixebul IRP-Si gansazRvrul resursebis SerCevis principebs • unda Seesabamebodes DPS-is mier momzadebul eleqtroenergiis gegmas, an unda arsebobdes kargi mizezi SemoTYavazebuli qmedebis gansaxorcieleblad • SesaZlebelia ekonomiurad ganxorcieldes arsebuli an dagegmili gadamcemi saSualebebis gamoyenebiT, vermonTis sxva sawarmoebisTvis an klientebisTvis arasasurveli negatiuri Sedegebis gareSe

  24. arsebuli eleqtroenergiis kontraqtebis maregulirebeli inspeqtireba • tarifebTan dakavSirebiT, sabWos SeuZlia ganixilos sakiTxi, darTos Tu ara neba sawarmos amoiRos gadamxdelebisagan arsebul Sesyiduli eleqtroenergiis kontraqtebTan dakavSirebuli zogierTi an yvela danaxarjebi • keTilgoniereba • gamoyenebuli da sasargeblo • am inspeqtirebis gamoyeneba erTxel yvela kontraqtis mimarT SeiZleba • gadawyvetilebis miReba SeiZleba kontraqtis arsebobis periodSi nebismier dros ganxorcieldes • mas Semdeg rac gadawyvetileba miRebulia, igi ZalaSia kontraqtis moqmedebis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi

  25. keTilgoniereba • iyo Tu ara sawarmos qmedeba, imis safuZvelze rac man im droisaTvis icoda (an rac im droisaTvis unda scodnoda), mizanSewonili da keTilgonivruli yvela im garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac im droisaTvis arsebobda? • xom ar iyo windauxedavi • pativs scemda sawarmos mmarTvelobiT uflebebs • Tu ara, Cveulebriv, sabWo ar iZleva tarifis im nawilis momxmareblebisgan amoRebis uflebas, romelic swored aseTi arakeTilgonivruli saqcielis gamo warmoiSva

  26. gamoyenebuli da sasargeblo • nawili I: gamoiyeneba Tu ara investicia tarifebis gadamxdelebisTvis momsaxurebis aRmosaCenad? • Tu ara, tarifebis gadamxdelebma misi Rirebuleba ar unda gadaixadon • nawili II: aris Tu ara investicia ekonomikuri im miznebisTvis, romlebsac igi unda emsaxurebodes? SeZlebs igi uzrunvelyos, ara-fuladi sargeblebis gaTvaliswinebis Semdeg, neto mimdinare faseuli sargeblebis amoReba mTeli Tavisi vadis ganmavlobaSi? • Tu ara, sabWo gadaanawilebs zedmet xarjebs gadamxdelebsa da aqcionerebs Soris, Sesabamisi proporciiT

  27. arsebuli eleqtroenergiis kontraqtebis maregulirebeli inspeqtireba • tarifebTan dakavSirebiT, sabWos agreTve SeuZlia gansazRvros, saTanadod marTavda Tu ara sawarmo Tavis miwodebis portfolios (maT Soris eleqtroenergiis kontraqtebs) • Tu ara, sabWos SeuZlia Seumciros sawarmos aqciaze miRebuli ukugebis dasaSvebi zoma

  28. kontraqtebis struqtura • kontraqti SeiZleba Seicavdes nebismier pirobebze, romlebzec kontraqtis mxareebi SeTanxmebas miaRweven • zogierTi Cveulebrivi pirobebi: • produqti • fasi • miwodebis adgili • riskebis marTvis debulebebi • kontraqtis moqmedebis vada

  29. produqti • yvelaze xSirad produqtis saxiT eleqtroenergia an simZlavreebi ganisazRvreba • sxva produqtebi moicaven “dfamxmare momsaxurebas”, romlis Sesyidvasac sawarmoebisagan ISO-NE moiTxovs • saoperacio rezervi • generaciis avtomaturi kontroli • zogierTi kontraqti SeiZleba konkretul obieqtze orientirebuli iyos (produqtebis mowodeba xdeba mxolod maSin, rodesac konkretuli obieqti funqcionirebs), xolo sxva kontraqtebi sistemur eleqtroenergias Seexebian • momwodeblebs sxvadasxva produqtebis mowodeba SeuZliaT • sawarmoebs produqtebis Sesyidva sxvadasxva wyaroebidan SeuZliaT

  30. produqti • sakonkurento bazari garkveuli standartebis energoproduqtebs iyenebs • pikuri produqti = “5 X 16” (xuTi samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi, 16 saaTi yoveldRiurad) • ara pikuri produqti = “5 X 8, 2 X 24” (xuTi samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi, 8 saaTi yoveldRiurad, plus 2 gamosasvleli dRe, 24 saaTi yoveldRiurad) • standartuli produqtebis miwodeba regionalur “kvanZSi” igulisxmeba • kvanZi ar gaxlavT fizikuri obieqti; igi gansazRvreba, rogorc adgili, sadac ar xdeba gadatvirTvebi

  31. produqti • bazarma fasebi ufro gamWvirvale gaxada • “kvanZSi” mowodebul standartul produqtebze saforvardo fasebi 4 wliT adre (amJamad 2011 wlis CaTvliT) xelmisawvdomia internetSi • “kvanZis” garda sxva adgilebSi miwodebuli produqtebis fasebi gansxvavdeba saxazo danakargebis da gadatvirTvebis xarjebis gamo • sxva adgilebSi miwodebis fasebi SeiZleba “kvanzSi” miwodebis fasebze ufro maRali an ufro dabali iyos • am fasebis gansxvavebis sanaxavad SesaZlebelia idtoriuli monacemebis gamoyeneba

  32. fasebis SemoTavazebis magaliTi

  33. eleqtroenergiis fasi • kvt.sT- fasi SeiZleba fiqsirebuli an cvladi iyos • standartuli kontraqtebis umravlesobaSi fasi saforvardo sabazro fasis safuZvelze ganisazRvreba • cvladi fasebi xSirad garkveul indeqsebTan aria dakavSirebuli • regionaluri sabiTumo wertilovani bazris fasi • sawvavis fasi • zogadad inflacia • SeiZleba ganisazRvrebodes minimaluri da maqsimaluri fasebi, an fasebis diapazoni • magaliTad, “vermonT iuTiliTiz”-is kontraqti eleqtroenergiis Sesytidvaze “vermonT ianqisagan” gansazRvravs maqsimalur fass, dabali sabazro SesworebebiT • fasebi eiZleba dRis sxvadasxva periodisTvis gansxvavdebodes

  34. simZlavreebis fasi • kvt/TveSi fasi • rodesac sabitumo bazari pirvelad Seiqmna, simZlavreebis fasi TiTqmis nulamde daeca • axla xdeba gadasvla axal, auqcionze dafuZnebul regionalur simZlavreebis bazarze • mosalodnelia, rom simZlavreebis fasebi gaizrdeba da asaxavs am bazarze arsebul fasebs • axal bazarze: • fasebs axali resursebi (maT Soris moTxovnis resursebi) gansazRvraven • fasi axali Semosvlis Rirebulebas unda Seesabamebodes • fasebi seiZleba 5 wlamde periodiT dafiqsirdes

  35. miwodebis adgili • mniSvnelovania gadacemisTvis • Tuki gamyidveli regionis gareT aris ganlagebuli, aucilebeli eleqtroenergiis importi • aucilebelia kontraqtis gaformeba gadacemis fizikur simZlavreze, raTa eleqtroenergiis regionSi Semotana ganxorcieldes • amis gakeTeba SeuZlia myidvels an gamyidvels, eleqtroenergiis kontraqtSi gansazRvruli miwodebis adgilis Sesabamisad • Tuki gamyidveli regionSia ganlagebuli: • eleqtroenergiis miwodebis adgilas da myidvelis ganlagebis adgilas fasebs Soris gansxvaveba gansazRvravs “gadatvirTvis xarjebs” da saxazo danakargebs, romelTa gadaxdac myidvels uwevs

  36. riskebis marTvis debulebebi • iqmneba mxaris mier Tavisi sakontraqto valdebulebebis ver SesrulebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebis Sesamsubuqeblad • arsebobs standartuli moTxovnebi, romlebic bazris monawilis ndobis reitings da sakontraqto da sabazro fasebs Soris gansxvavebebs efuZneba • rac naklebia ndobis reitingi, miT maRali uzrunvelyofis warmodgena SeiZleba movTxovoT bazris monawiles, sabazro fasebis gaTvaliswinebiT • moTxovnebi Seexeba rogorc myidvelebs, aseve gamyidvelebs

  37. kontraqtis moqmedebis vada • istoriulad arsebobdnen 20 wliani an ufro xangrZlivi kontraqtebi • vermonTus eleqtroenergiis ori mesamedi amJamad swored aseTi grZelvadiani kontraqtebis safuZvelze moewodeba; am kontraqtebis vada 2012 da 2015 wlebs Soris iwureba • regionaluri bazris Semdeg, ufro metad moklevadiani kontraqtebi formdeba • maTi umetesoba sam welze mokle vadiT aris gaformebuli • 5 welze met vadiani kontraqtebi Zalian iSviaTad gvxvdeba

  38. eleqtroenergiis kontraqtebi da sacalo tarifebi • vermonTis eleqtroganmanawilebeli kompaniebis umravlesobisaTvis, maTi momsaxurebis xarjis 60-70 procents swored eleqtroenergiis Rirebuleba Seadgens • komunalur tarifebSi Sedis Sesyiduli eleqtorenergiis kontraqtebiT gansazRvruli keTilgonivruli da “gamoyenebuli da sasargeblo” xarjebi • momsaxurebis fasebis maregulirebeli normatiuli aqtebis Sesabamisad, sawarmos mier eleqtroenergiaze gaweuli xarjebi ver Secvlis sawarmos tarifebs, Tuki sawarmo ar warmoadgens srul informacias momsaxurebis Rirebulebis tarifebis warmoqmnis Sesaxeb • zogierTi “specialuri kontraqti” gansazRvravs tarifebs, romlebic mibmulia sawarmos mier eleqtroenergiaze gaweul realur xarjebs • Tuki sawarmo altyernatiuli maregulirebeli gegmis Sesabamisad muSaobs da ma gegmaSi Sedis Sesyidul eleqtroenergiaze Sesworebis debuleba, eleqtroenergiis Rirebulebis cvlileba klientebsac gadaecemaT, Cveulebriv yovelkvartalur safuZvelze

  39. specialuri kontraqtebi • sawarmoebi valdebulni arian gadaaxdevinon momxmareblebs fiqsirebuli tarifebi, garda SemTxvevebisa, rodesac sabWo daamtkicebs gamonaklisebs konkretuli klientebisTvis (cnobilia “specialuri kontraqtebis” saxeliT) • tarifebis gamonaklisebi dasaSvebia sazogadoebriv interesebSi: • raTa aisaxos klientis unikaluri garemoebebi • raTa ar davuSvaT sistemidan im klientebis gasvla, romelTac Tavad SeuZliaT eleqtroenergiis generireba • raTa moxdes ekonomikis waxaliseba

  40. Sesyidul eleqtroenergiaze Sesworebis debuleba • es aris meqanizmi, romelic sawarmos eleqtroenergiis Sesyidvaze realurad gaweuli xarjebis klientebisgan amoRebis saSualebas aZlevs • aSS-s bevri Stati am debulebis gamoyenebis uflebas iZleva; vermonTSi misi gamoyeneba mxolod maSin aris SesaZlebeli, Tuki sawarmo alternatiuli regulirebis qveS aris • amJamad am debulebas vermonTis erTi sawarmo iyenebs; kidev erTi gancxadeba Sesulia sabWoSi da ganxilvas elodeba

  41. Sesyidul eleqtroenergiaze Sesworebis debuleba • ukanaskneli aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi Sesyiduli eleqtroenergiis fasebi ufro arastabiluri gaxda • momsaxurebis fasebis maregulirebeli normatiuli aqtebis Sesabamisad, yovelTvis arsebobs “maregulirebeli dagvianeba”, radgan tarifebi winaswar, istoriuli fasebis safuZvelze ganisazRvreba (xdeba Sesworeba cnobil da gazomvad cvlilebebze) • es debulebebi zogadad amcireben aseT maregulirebel dagvianebas da sawarmos ufro gansazRvrul mdgomareobaSi ayeneben, radgan mas relaurad gaweuli xarjebis amoRebis SesaZlebloba eqmneba

  42. Sesyidul eleqtroenergiaze Sesworebis debuleba • radganac am SemTxvevaSi sawarmos riski naklebia, aseT debulebebis Sesabamisad momuSave sawarmos kapitalze ukugebac naklebi unda iyos • am debulebas riski klientebis mxrebze gadaaqvs, da mas SeuZlia tarifebi kidev ufro arastabiluri gaxados

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