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Renaissance and Reformation

Renaissance and Reformation. 1450-1600. Differences Between Now and Then. Local control of politics; central institutions were weak Hierarchical Nature of Society Tradition and Religion Great danger from disease, poor hygiene, famine, natural disaster, war, violence.

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Renaissance and Reformation

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  1. Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600 Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  2. Differences Between Now and Then • Local control of politics; central institutions were weak • Hierarchical Nature of Society • Tradition and Religion • Great danger from disease, poor hygiene, famine, natural disaster, war, violence Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  3. Religion: Powerful Force • Belief in the devil, hell, and a punishing God were powerful forces • Thinkers of the Renaissance and Reformation would challenge some of these beliefs • Religion guided people ex- Elizabeth I (Film) Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  4. Idea of a Divine Plan Importance and Hierarchy Dualism: Spirit vs. Matter Allegory Providence Teleology Overriding concept: Humanism Importance of philology Importance, return and restoration of classical texts, arts, literature and drama from Greek and Roman Period Medieval versus Renaissance Worldview Renaissance Medieval View Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  5. Protestant Reformation Defined: Reformation, was a spiritual/religious revolution that aimed to correct the “problems” of the Catholic Church and sparked a century and a half of religious civil war. It resulted in the establishment of the Protestant branches of Christianity- e.g. Lutheranism, Calvinism etc Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  6. Causes of Protestant Reformation • Anti-Clericalism • An appetite for spiritual experience • Reliance of church interpretation ended with return to original sources • Martin Luther's 95 Theses Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  7. Martin Luther • Faith alone will bring salvation • 1517, he published his 95 Theses, arguing against the sale of indulgences Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  8. In your own words, explain what each statement means: • Vain is the hope of salvation through letters of pardon, even if a commissary-nay, the Pope himself- were to pledge his own soul for them • Again, why does not the Pope, whose riches are at this day more ample than those of the wealthiest of the wealthy; build the one Basilica of St. Peter with his own money, rather than with that of poor believers? Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  9. Counter Reformation • Actions taken by Catholic Church to counteract the impact of Protestant Reformation • Includes: Council of Trent, Roman Inquisition, Index of Prohibited Books, creation of religious orders Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  10. Council of Trent (1546- 1563) • All medieval church law was valid and important • Latin would remain official language • Re-emphasized the importance of “good works” and “faith” • No new definition of sacraments Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  11. Other Actions taken by Catholic Church • Roman Inquisition- a tribunal designed to find heretics and bring them to justice • Roman Index of Prohibited Books- a process of reviewing and censoring books • The founding of Religious Orders devoted to teaching, propaganda, and social services, e.g.- Jesuits Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  12. Scripture interpreted by wisdom Good Works and Faith 7 Sacraments Stick with Latin Clergy must be celibate and chaste Purgatory is real Honour Saints Scripture as you read it Faith Alone 2 Sacraments- Eucharist, Baptism Language of the people Clergy could marry Go to Heaven or Hell Criticized Honouring Saints When the Dust Settles:Catholicism vs. Protestantism Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  13. Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  14. Niccolo Machiavelli • One of the most Significant Political Thinkers of Renaissance • Wrote, The Prince (1532)- How a Prince can hold and maintain power • Defense of Despotism (rule by tyranny) Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  15. Machiavelli’s Ideas • Rejected the restrictions of honour and religion • Rulers should only be concerned with power and should only be bound by rules that make him/her successful • Rulers must be skilled in the art of war Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  16. Machiavelli’s IdeasContinued • Men are evil • It is better to be stingy then liberal • It is better to be feared then loved • Keep your word only when it is too your advantage • Known for the saying “ the end justifies the means” Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

  17. Works Cited • Encarta Reference Library • Legacy: The West and the World by Newman Renaissance and Reformation 1450-1600

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