Industrial Revolution

1. Industrial Revolution 5-3.1 Explain how the Industrial Revolution was furthered by new inventions and technologies, including new methods of mass production and transportation and the invention of the light bulb, the telegraph, and the telephone.

2. Objective and Essential Question LO: I can explain how the Industrial Revolution created a shift towards more manufactured goods. (5-3.1) EQ: How did new technologies and inventions impact the lives of Americans during the Industrial Revolution?

3. In the Beginning… • The post Civil War Industrial Revolution was the continuation of changes in the United States economy that had started prior to the war.

4. Farming to Factories • The fundamental (important) change was from an economy based on agriculture (farming) and trade to one increasingly based on the production of manufactured goods (factories).

5. Check for Understanding Which of the following statements offers the best definition of the Industrial Revolution? • A time period in which children began to work in factories for long hours and in dangerous conditions. • A time period in which the transcontinental railroad connected East to West. • A time period in which the United States economy began making a change from a farming economy to one of industrial manufacturing. • A time period in which people were moving from rural areas to large cities.

6. Factors of Production • Manufacturing (producing) requires: • raw materials (land), • workers (labor), • capital equipment (capital), • new ideas and the equipment to do it (technology) • Economists call these the factors of production.

7. Check for Understanding According to economists, what are the factors of production? • Steel, coal, and oil • Banking and manufacturing • Manufacturing, agriculture, and trade • Land, capital, labor and technology

8. Check for Understanding During the Industrial Revolution, the term "technology" referred to what factor other than the physical inventions created during that time? • ideas of how to use new inventions • finances used to pay for new inventions • laws that protected new inventions • profits made from new inventions

9. The Role of the Railroad • Government policies encouraged westward movement • transcontinental railroad • free land to homesteaders (Homestead Act) • Railroad was used to ship materials and goods across the country

10. Mobile Materials • Grains shipped from farms on the Great Plains to giant mills became cereal for Americans’ breakfast tables. • Hogs and cattle shipped to meat processing plants were served for dinner throughout the country. • Iron ore was shipped to processing plants where it was converted to steel for the building of more railroads or the creation of steel girders for skyscrapers and bridges.

11. Check for Understanding What was most responsible for connecting the farms of the Midwest to the dinner tables and factories of the eastern cities in the time period after the Civil War? • steamboats • the transcontinental railroad • automobiles • canals

12. Consumer Products • Transcontinental railroad shipped raw materials to manufacturers in cities • Manufacturers created products to be shipped all over the country and world • New methods of mass production were used to turn raw materials into consumer products. • Mass Production - manufacture of goods in large quantities by machinery (faster and cheaper) • Consumer products – items bought regularly for personal use

13. Check for Understanding How did new methods of mass production affect manufacturing in the United States? • Prices of products went up. • Products were made more quickly and cheaply. • Fewer products were available for consumers to buy. • Products were made more slowly.

14. Objective and Essential Question LO: I can explain how the Industrial Revolution was furthered by new technologies. (5-3.1) EQ: How did new technologies and inventions impact the lives of Americans during the Industrial Revolution?

15. Activator Let’s take a peek at one of our technological advancements. Andrew Carnegie

16. Andrew Carnegie • Andrew Carnegie brought the Bessemer process, which converted iron into steel, to the United States. • His company, Carnegie Steel, built huge steel foundries and created a monopoly on the production of steel. • Monopoly – A single seller, selling a unique product with no competition

17. Check for Understanding What was a result of the development of the Bessemer process? • Steel was used in many tall buildings and skyscrapers. • Oil became the most common source of power. • Coal mining became less economically important. • The iron ore miners became rich and famous.

18. “Dis” is Smart • Meat packers developed a ‘dis-assembly’ line • Hogs and cattle were killed and then cut into steaks and chops. • The leftovers were stuffed into sausages. • One meat packer boasted that his plant could use every part of the pig but its squeal.

19. Check for Understanding This is a quote from the owner of a meat packing business in the 1900s. To what process does this quote refer? the assembly line the Bessemer process the Carnegie process the disassembly line

20. Assembly Line • Although manufacturers in the late 19th century (1800s) produced goods on a large scale, the assembly line was not introduced until the early twentieth century (1900s). • Henry Ford first used the assembly line in the production of automobiles. • Assembly line - a manufacturing process where parts are added as the semi-finished product moves from workstation to workstation in sequence until the final product is complete • Assembly Line News Clip

21. Check for Understanding What new invention in the early 1900s sped up the industrial manufacturing process? • interchangeable parts • the assembly line • the telegraph • the television

22. Quick Write • On the index card provided, summarize the importance of the assembly line. Why was it so important to have mass production in factories? • Use complete sentences with proper mechanics. • Minimum 3 sentences.

23. Objective and Essential Question LO: I can explain how the Industrial Revolution was furthered by new inventions. (5-3.1) EQ: How did new technologies and inventions impact the lives of Americans during the Industrial Revolution?

24. Activator Let’s take a peek at one of our inventors. Samuel Morse

25. Inventions • Inventions also helped to promote industrial growth in the late 19th century (1800s) and early 20th century (1900s).

26. Morse Code • Invented by Samuel Morse before the Civil War • The telegraph helped railroads: • communicate, • stay on schedule, • prevent accidents • Later used by businesses to place orders and ensure raw materials and finished products were delivered on time • The telegraph thus promoted economic growth and the Industrial Revolution.

27. Check for Understanding How did the invention of the telegraph impact the Industrial Revolution? • It helped the federal government restrict businesses activities, encouraging industrial growth. • It helped business owners communicate and create monopolies, hurting industrial growth. • It allowed businesses to communicate more quickly, encouraging industrial growth. • It allowed foreign companies to boycott American goods, hurting industrial growth.

28. Ring…Ring…Hello? • The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell and improved on communication of the telegraph. • Now businesses could communicate by telephone more quickly and easily. • Soon homes of wealthy people had telephones and eventually almost every home had a telephone. • The telephone was easier to use because it did not require people to learn a new system of communication such as the Morse code.

29. Check for Understanding The telephone was an improvement of what communicating device? • Phonograph • Telegraph • Messenger • Pony Express

30. Telegraph and Telephone

31. I Believe I Can Fly • Wright Brothers invented the first flying motorized plane on December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina • Led to the creation of the airline industry

32. Let There Be Light • The light bulb was not invented by Thomas Edison • Edison significantly improved the light bulb and made it practical for use. • Edison invented the incandescent light bulb. • An incandescent light bulb is an electric light with a wire filament that is heated to such a high temperature that it glows with visible light • It promoted economic growth because it made it possible to light factories as well as homes more safely than kerosene lamps. • The light bulb made the use of electricity popular and therefore more electric generating stations were built and more electric lines were strung in cities and towns.

33. Check for Understanding Which inventor is correctly matched with his invention? • Alexander Graham Bell--telegraph • Samuel B. Morse--Bessemer Process • Thomas Edison--incandescent light bulb • Andrew Carnegie--steel

34. Quick Write • On the index card provided, think about the inventions we discussed today and answer the following question. • How do these inventions impact our lives today? • Use complete sentences with proper mechanics. • Minimum 3 sentences.

35. Objective and Essential Question LO: I can explain how the Industrial Revolution was furthered by new inventions. (5-3.1) EQ: How did new technologies and inventions impact the lives of Americans during the Industrial Revolution?

36. It’s Electric • Electricity provided a new way of powering the manufacturing plants that had been relying on water power from rivers or steam power produced by burning coal. • Electricity caused a growth in • power lines, • generators, • streetcars, • factories, • people living outside of cities • The light bulb therefore contributed to the economic growth of the United States by encouraging the development of electric powered factories that could be located wherever electric lines could be strung.

37. Inventions For Everyone • Labor saving devices became popular • washing machines • vacuum cleaners • New inventions created new jobs for women • telephone operators • sewing machines • typewriter

38. Check for Understanding How did the availability of electricity affect the location of factories? • They no longer had to be near rivers for water power. • They could only be built next to power stations. • They could be built wherever there was coal. • They were limited to the northeastern United States.

39. Check for Understanding What impact did inventions such as the telephone, sewing machine, and typewriter have on the role of women in American society? • These inventions were controlled by the government and therefore limited their role in American politics. • These inventions provided new job opportunities for children, leaving women with more tasks at home. • These inventions pushed women further out of the working world. • These inventions provided new job opportunities to women