PENILAIAN KEBUTUHAN DAN SUMBER DAYA KOMUNITAS ( ASSESSING COMMUNITY NEEDS AND RESOURCES )

1. PENILAIAN KEBUTUHAN DAN SUMBER DAYA KOMUNITAS (ASSESSING COMMUNITY NEEDS AND RESOURCES) Oleh: Siti Masfiah, SKM, M.Kes, M.A

2. Outline • Latar Belakang • Pendahuluan • Community Assessment • Need and Resources • Sumber Data • Instrumen • Proses • Participatory Research

3. Latar Belakang • KenapaAssessing Community Needs And Resources merupakanbagian yang penting ???

4. Latar Belakang • Promosidanpendidikankesehatanakandilakukanberdasarkankebutuhanmasyarakattertentu (whom it is designed/ a defined population) • With a grounding in community needs, health worker (health promotor & educator) are less likely to implement programs that do not meet these needs, thus preventing expensive mistakes. • With this responsiveness and grounding in community needs, health workers are less likely to engage in activities that lead the community to lose confidence in health workers.

5. Latar Belakang • Promosidanpendidikankesehatanakandilakukanberdasarkankebutuhanmasyarakattertentu (whom it is designed/ a defined population) • Denganlandasandalamkebutuhanmasyarakat, tenagakesehatan (promotorkesehatan & pendidik) cenderungtidakmengimplementasi program yang tidaksesuaisehinggamenghindarikesalahan program. • Denganresponinidanlandasandalamkebutuhanmasyarakat, petugaskesehatancenderunguntukterlibatdalamkegiatan yang mengarahmasyarakatkehilangankepercayaanpadapekerjakesehatan.

6. Community Assessment A process that result in: “A comprehensive description of the needs of a population that is defined, or defines itself, as a community, and the resources that exist within that community, carried out with the active involvement of the community itself, for the purpose of developing an action plan or other means of improving the quality of life in the community” (Hawtin, Hughes and Percy-Smith 1994, p.13)

7. Penilaian komunitas “sebuah proses untuk menggambarkan secara komprehensif dari kebutuhan populasi dan sumber daya yang ada dalam komunitas dengan cara melibatkan komunitas itu sendiri dengan tujuan untuk mengembangkan perencanaan/lainnya yang tujuannya untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup” (Hawtin, Hughes and Percy-Smith 1994, p.13)

8. NEEDS • Felt Need • Expressed Need • Normative Need • Comparative Need • Felt Needs: What people say they need • Contoh: Ketikamasyarakat di survey berdasarkanprioritaskebutuhanupayapromosikesehatanygdibutuhkan, masyarakatmungkinmenyatakan: SPAL sehat, jalan yang aman, dll. • Penting melibatkan (bertanyapada) masyarakatlangsungKebutuhanberdasarkankeyakinanmereka. • TOMA mempunyaipengaruhpentingkemasyarakatdalammenentukankebutuhanmereka. • Kelompokminoritastidakmencerminkanseluruhkelompokmasyarakat.

9. NEEDS • Felt Need • Expressed Need • Normative Need • Comparative Need • Kebutuhanakanpenggunaanpelayananbaikitupelayananbarumaupunpeningkatanpelayanan yang ada. • Expressed Need = Felt Need turned into action • Menunjukkanketerbatasanprovisipelayanan

10. NEEDS • Felt Need • Expressed Need • Normative Need • Comparative Need • Ditentukanolehtenagaahliberdasarkanpenelitiandanpendapatprofesional.

11. NEEDS • Felt Need • Expressed Need • Normative Need • Comparative Need • Kebutuhan yang ditentukanberdasarkanmembandingkanpelayanan yang tersedia di satuwilayahdenganwilayah lain. • Contoh: Smoke-free workplace policy

12. RESOURCES • “those things that can be used to improve the quality of life” • Organisasi • Masyarakat • Partnership • Fasilitas • Funding • Policies (Kebijakan) • Community’s collective experience • KearifanLokal • Dll

13. Sumber data / Informasi • Listening to the community (MendengarkanMasyarakat) • Social and Economic Indicator (Indikatorsosialdanekonomi) • Epidemiologic Data (Data Epidemiologi) • The views of professional (Pandanganprofesional) • National and State policy documents

14. Alat (Instrument/Tool) • Survey • Asset Inventory • Community Mapping • Daily Activities Schedule • Seasonal Calendar • Focus Group • Panel Discussion • Dapatdilakukandengan in-person interview, telepon, email, surat, website, dll.

15. Alat (Instrument/Tool) • Survey • Asset Inventory • Community Mapping • Daily Activities Schedule • Seasonal Calendar • Focus Group • Panel Discussion • Teknikpengumpulaninformasitentangkomunitasmelaluiobservasi

16. Alat (Instrument/Tool) • Teknikinimembutuhkansedikit resources, waktusingkatdandapatdilakukanolehpartisipandgnvariasiumurataupunpendidikan • Dapaydilakukanbaiksecara formal maupun non formal • Survey • Asset Inventory • Community Mapping • Daily Activities Schedule • Seasonal Calendar • Focus Group • Panel Discussion

17. Alat (Instrument/Tool) • Survey • Asset Inventory • Community Mapping • Daily Activities Schedule • Seasonal Calendar • Focus Group • Panel Discussion • Mendiskripsikankebiasaankomunitas • Menyediakaninformasiwaktucommunitasdapatberpartisipasi , pembagiananggotakomunitasberdasarkanpersepsikerja, jeniskemalin, umur • Dapatdigunakanuntukmeningktanefisiensikerjakomunitas

18. Alat (Instrument/Tool) • Survey • Asset Inventory • Community Mapping • Daily Activities Schedule • Seasonal Calendar • Focus Group • Panel Discussion • Informasittgperubahanwaktu / kalenderkegiatananggotakomunitas. • Bermanfaatuntukmenganalisissupplydandemand resources; demand on public resources (school, recreational activities,), faodavaibility, income pattern, dll.

19. COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT PROCESS • Identify the purpose of the community assessment • Identify available resources • Establish a project team and steering committee • Develop a research plan and time frame • Collect and Analyze available information • Complete community research

20. Proses penilaian komunitas • Mengidentifikasitujuandaripenilaianmasyarakat • Identifikasisumberdaya yang tersedia • Membentuktimproyekdankomitepengarah • Mengembangkanrencanapenelitiandankerangkawaktu • MengumpulkandanMenganalisisinformasi yang tersedia • MelengkapiPenelitianmasyarakat

21. PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH • Working with people as equal partners • involving them in the research process • enabling them to be key developers of problem solving and change.

22. Penelitian partisipatif • Bekerjadenganorangsebagaimitrasetara • melibatkanmerekadalamprosespenelitian • memungkinkanmerekauntukmenjadipengembangutamadaripemecahanmasalahdanperubahan.

23. TERIMAKASIH