Chapter 12 The Islamic World

1. Chapter 12 The Islamic World

2. Welcome Back! • Read the Rules together • Announcements • Entry Task • Take Notes on Islam

3. Entry Task • Think about things in your daily life. • What activities, food or entertainment do you enjoy that comes from another culture? • List as many things that you can think of that come from other countries or cultures. • Example: Ninjas!

5. What is the difference between Islam, Muslim and Arab or Arabic?

6. Section 1 – The Roots of Islam

7. Physical Features and Climate • Physical Features • Deserts • Water only exists in oases • Sand dunes and hills • Climate • Hot dry air • Blazing sun

8. Two Ways of Life • Nomads • Lived in tents • Raised sheep, goats, and camels • Traveled in search of food and water • Belonged to tribes (families) which provided protection • Settlers • Made homes on oases • Farmed • Towns became centers of trade • Worked with people in the caravan trade

9. Muhammad Becomes a Prophet • Born into important family in Mecca around 570 • Worked in the caravan business • Concerned when wealthy did not help the poor

10. Muhammad Becomes a Prophet • Spent time meditating and praying • Muslims believe God spoke to Muhammad and made him a prophet • Messages from God were collected in the Qur’an

11. Muhammad’s Teachings • Taught there was only 1 God – Allah • Muhammad’s teachings upset many Arabs for 2 reasons: • Didn’t like being told to stop worshipping their gods • New religion seemed like a threat to those who made money from pilgrimages

12. Islam Spreads in Arabia

13. Islam Spread in Arabia • As he gained more followers, Mecca’s rulers became worried and planned to kill him • In 622 Muhammad went to Medina • Muhammad became a spiritual and political leader in Medina • Medina grew strong and conflict with Mecca increased • In 630, Mecca gave in and accepted Islam • Muhammad died in 632, Islam continued to spread

14. Section 2 – Islamic Beliefs and Practices • Collection of Muhammad’s teachings that were written down • Muslims believe the Qur’an was the word of God as it was told to Muhammad

15. Islamic Beliefs • Only 1 god – Allah • Must obey Allah’s command • World will one day end • Those who obey will be granted life in paradise • Those who do not obey will suffer

16. Guidelines for Behavior • Qur’an describes acts of worship, guidelines for moral behavior and rules for social life The Qur’an also describes relations among people

17. The Five Pillars of Islam • Statement of Faith – Must say “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his prophet.” • Daily Prayer – Muslims must pray 5 times a day • Yearly donation to charity – Muslims must pay to a religious official • Fasting – Muslims fast daily during the month of Ramadan • Hajj– Muslims must travel to Mecca at least once in their life

18. The Sunnah and Daily Life Sunnah – the way Muhammad lived, which provides a model for the duties and the way of life expected of Muslims • The Sunnah includes: • Rules on how to treat others • Guidelines for relations in business and government

19. Islamic Law • Shariah – a system based on Islamic sources and human reason that judges actions of individuals and the community • Scale: required accepted disapproved forbidden • Shariah sets: • rewards for good behavior • Punishments for crime

20. Examples of Shariah Law • Theft is punishable by amputation of the right hand. • • Criticizing or denying any part of the Quran is punishable by death. • • Criticizing or denying Muhammad is a prophet is punishable by death. • • Criticizing or denying Allah, the moon god of Islam is punishable by death. • • A Muslim who becomes a non-Muslim is punishable by death. • • A non-Muslim who leads a Muslim away from Islam is punishable by death. • • A non-Muslim man who marries a Muslim woman is punishable by death. • • A man can beat his wife for insubordination. • • A woman's testimony in court, allowed only in property cases, carries half the weight of a man's. • • A female heir inherits half of what a male heir inherits. • • A woman cannot drive a car, as it leads to fitnah (upheaval). • • A woman cannot speak alone to a man who is not her husband or relative. • • Meat to be eaten must come from animals that have been sacrificed to Allah - i.e., be Halal. • • Muslims should engage in Taqiyya and lie to non-Muslims to advance Islam.

21. John Green Video

22. Mr. Martin’s Prayer Challenge • Pray to God, five times a day. • Set reminders and talk to God. • Find a time that you can spend a few minutes quietly.

23. Section 3 – Islamic Empires

24. Muslim Armies Conquer Many Lands • After the death of Muhammad, Abu Bakr becomes leader • He was the first caliph • Unlike Muhammad, early caliphs were not religious leaders

25. Trade Helps Islam Spread • Arab merchants took their Islamic beliefs to Africa, India, and Southeast Asia • Trade brought new products to Muslim lands, such as: paper, gunpowder, oranges, cotton, and rice

26. The Growth of Cities • Trade brought many different people together and created wealth, which supported great cultural development in Muslim cities. • This is an example of cultural diffusion • Two key cities in the Muslim world were Baghdad in what is now Iraq and Cordoba, Spain.

27. Three Muslim Empires

28. The Ottoman Empire • Turkish warriors known as Ottomans take conquer and rule the land from eastern Europe to North Africa and Arabia • Led by Mehmed II, Ottomans conquer Constantinople and make this the new capital • Mecca and Medina accept Ottoman rule • Empire reached its height under Suleyman I, he took control of the eastern Mediterranean

29. The Safavid Empire • It covered all of Iran, and parts of Turkey and Georgia • The Safavid Empire was a theocracy • The Empire's economic strength came from its location on the trade routes • Empire lasted until the mid-1700s

30. Sunni vs. Shi’a • The state religion of the Safavid Empire was Shi'a Islam • All other religions, and forms of Islam were suppressed • Shi’a Muslims believe all caliphs must be a descendent of Muhammad. • Sunni Muslims believed that caliphs did not have to descend from Muhammad.

31. The Mughal Empire • Established in 1526 by Babur - Turkish Muslims from Central Asia • Mid-1500s emperor Akbar conquered new lands and strengthened the government • He began a tolerant religious policy • Known for works of architecture • Late 1600’s an emperor reversed tolerant policies and empire fell apart

32. Soviet sniper, Lyudmila Pavlichenko. • By the end of World War 2, she had 309 confirmed kills - thus making her the most successful female sniper in history.

33. Entry Task • What significant inventions from the last 50 years (1964-2014) do you use in your daily life? • How would your life be different if that invention was not around? • Complete Sentences • ½ page minimum

34. Section 4 – Cultural Achievements

35. Astronomy • Muslims studies the stars, moon, and sun – improves clock making and time • Improved the astrolabe – used to figure out location on the earth

36. Geography • Geographers made more accurate maps • Developed better ways of calculating distances using the stars • IbnBattutah traveled to Africa, India, China and Spain

37. Math • Combined the Indian number system with the Greek science of Mathematics • Laid the foundation of modern algebra • “Arabic” numerals – numbers we use today

38. Medicine • Combined Greek and Indian knowledge with their own • Started the first pharmacy school • Discovered how to treat smallpox • Wrote a medical encyclopedia

39. Philosophy • Studied philosophy of rational thought • Sufism – movement of individuals who believe they can find God’s love by having a personal relationship with him

40. Literature • Poetry – influence by Sufi, focused on Muslims loyalty to God • Short stories – legendary characters Sinbad, Aladdin, and Ali Baba

41. Arts • Architecture – the most important Muslim art form • Built mosques, palaces, marketplaces, and libraries that include domes, arches, colored bricks, and decorative tiles • Art does not show any people or animals • Used calligraphy – fancy writing

42. Minaret Blue Mosque- Istanbul