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The Blood

The Blood. Functions. Transport & Exchange Temperature Regulation Defense Against Disease (Immunity) pH Balance Fluid Volume Balance. Composition of the Blood. 8% of body weight 55% fluid & 45% solid(formed elements) Hematocrit - percent of RBC’s

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The Blood

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  1. The Blood

  2. Functions • Transport & Exchange • Temperature Regulation • Defense Against Disease (Immunity) • pH Balance • Fluid Volume Balance

  3. Composition of the Blood • 8% of body weight • 55% fluid & 45% solid(formed elements) • Hematocrit - percent of RBC’s to total blood volume • Normal value: ~45%

  4. Composition of the Blood

  5. Physical Characteristics of Blood • pH = 7.35 - 7.45 (slightly alkaline) • Viscosity = 5x more viscous than water • Dissolved salts = salty fluid

  6. Plasma • Content: 90 - 92% water + electrolytes, buffers, hormones, enzymes, pigments, & vitamins

  7. Plasma

  8. Plasma Proteins • Albumins - maintain viscosity & water balance between tissues & blood *large proteins cannot pass through capillaries but are able to take up water soluble wastes, therefore, food & oxygen leave capillaries while proteins stay and osmotic pressure is maintained

  9. Plasma Proteins • Globulins - aid in defense against disease; associated with antibodies • Lipoproteins - bind to fats and transport them around the body

  10. Plasma Proteins • Fibrinogen - changes from soluble to insoluble form during the clotting reaction

  11. Plasma Proteins • Serum - plasma that has had fibrinogen (clotting proteins) removed • Edema - fluid retention by tissues (swelling) often caused by abnormal loss of plasma proteins from bloodstream due to kidney problems

  12. Solid Parts of the Blood • Erythrocytes = RBC’s (red blood cells) • Leukocytes = WBC’s (white blood cells) • Thrombocytes = platelets

  13. Hematopoiesis • Process of blood cell formation • Occurs in the red marrow • Hematocytoblast = stem cell from which all formed elements of blood originate

  14. Hematopoiesis

  15. Hematopoiesis • RBC’s survive ~120 days • Reticulocytes = immature red blood cells that still contains a nucleus & organelles • Reticulocytes make up ~0.8% of all circulating RBC’s

  16. Hematopoiesis • Hemoglobin - protein/pigment found in rbc’s that binds to oxygen

  17. Hematopoiesis • Erythropoietin - hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more RBC’s; produced in the kidneys & released when oxygen levels in the blood decline

  18. Erythropoietin & Blood Doping

  19. Conditions that require more RBC’s • Strenous muscular exercise • Ascending to high altitudes • Rise in environmental temperature

  20. The End

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