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Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah

Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah. PENDAHULUAN ( Minggu 2). AKRONIM TERKAIT . NIMBY: Not In My Backyard LULU: Locally Unwanted Land Use BANANA: Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anything 3R ’ s: Reduce-Reuse-Recycle 5R ’ s: Rethink-Reduce-Reuse-Recycle-Recovery

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Aspek Teknis Daur Ulang Limbah

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  1. AspekTeknisDaurUlangLimbah PENDAHULUAN (Minggu 2)

  2. AKRONIM TERKAIT • NIMBY: Not In My Backyard • LULU: Locally Unwanted Land Use • BANANA: Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anything • 3R’s: Reduce-Reuse-Recycle • 5R’s: Rethink-Reduce-Reuse-Recycle-Recovery • 7R’s: Respect-Rethink-Reduce-Reuse-Recycle-Repair-Renew

  3. Alasan Perlunya DUL Sebenarnya banyak alasan kenapa DUL menjadi penting. Secara garis besar, DUL penting karena: • Alasan kelangkaan sumber daya alam • Alasan ekonomis • Alasan lingkungan • Diskusi: Break down tiap alasan menjadi sub alasan

  4. BEBERAPA ISU TERKAIT DAUR ULANG LIMBAH • Basel convention on the control of transboundary movement of hazardous wastes &their disposal (tahun 1989)  PengesahanmellKepPres No 61 th 1993  Pengesahanamandemenmell PP 47 th 2005  Limbah VS Bahan Baku • Perlunya product design approach, Economical cost VS Sistemdaurulang yang lebihbaik • Peranpemerintah VS PartisipasidanKesadaranmasyarakat • UU No 18 th 2008: Tuntutanperan industrial VS Bebankekonsumen, terutamaterkaitkemasanplastik

  5. KONSEP END OF PIPE • Konsep ini menitik beratkan tindakan terhadap limbah yang sudah terbentuk (pendekatan hilir), terutama berupa proses pengolahan & pembuangan limbah • Kendala yang dihadapi dalam penerapan konsep end of pipe: • Pendekataninibersifatreaktif tindakansetelahlimbahterbentuk. • Tidakefektifdalammemecahkanpermasalahanlingkungan pengolahanlimbahberesikopindahnyapolutandarisatu media ke media lingkunganlainnya

  6. KONSEP END OF PIPE • Kendala yang dihadapi (Lanjutan) : • Biayainvestasidanoperasitinggi  Butuhbiayatambahansehinggabiayapersatuanproduknaik  Industriengganmengoperasikansaranapengolahanlimbah yang telahada  Dampakkeprodusendankonsumen • Butuhkontrolterhadappengolahanlimbah Perangkatperaturandanpenegakannya, biayadan SDM yang handal, dankontrolsosial

  7. KONSEP END OF PIPE • Bisadiarahkanuntukmenghasilkansuatu by product yang bisadimanfaatkanlebihjauh Salahsatuimplementasikonsepdaurulang • Misalkan: • Pemanfaatangasbiodarilandfilling • Recovery logamdari IPAL • Pemanfaatan air limbah (domestik, industrimaupun air hujan) • Contoh lain ???

  8. KONSEP CRADLE to GRAVE • Pendekatankomprehensifpengelolaanlimbah • Mencakupdaurhidupsuatu material diberbagaitahapandi: generator, pengangkut, pengolahandanpemantauan • Di generator: termasukdiantaranyamenyangkutprosessebelumterbentuknyalimbah

  9. Gambaran lain dariCradle to Grave KegiatanExploitas yang menghasilkanbahanbaku untukindustridanjugalimbah Kegiatan Produksi yang menghasilkan bahan produk Siap pakai dan limbah Kegiatan Pengelolaan Limbah

  10. Bagaimanasebuah Kardusdiproduksi Dan akhirnyamenjadilimbah? GambaranSistem cradle to grave darisuatu material (packaging) darisebuahkotakplastik

  11. REAKTIF Pengenceran dan dispersi 1 2 4 3 KONSTRUKTIF Konsep End-of-pipe Tindakan industri terkait polusi PASIF Mengabaikan polusi PROAKTIF Cleaner Production

  12. HIRARKI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH

  13. Waste Prevention • Pencegahantimbulnyalimbahdapatdilakukandenganberbagaicara, terutama yang menyangkutprosesdihulu  Lebihbanyakdiimplementasikanmelaluikonsepteknologi / teknologibersih

  14. IMPLEMENTASI CLEANER PRODUCTION WASTES & EMISSIONS Alternatif 1: Penggantian bahan masuk OPERATION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTION PROCESS ChangeINPUT MATERIALS PRODUCTS 1/ Change inputs materials, water and energy: > Replacing toxic or harmful materials with less toxic > Use of renewable materials > Use materials with longer lifetime > Material purification

  15. IMPLEMENTASI CLEANER PRODUCTION WASTES & EMISSIONS Alternatif 2: Penggantian Teknologi OPERATION Improve equipment and process control New technology TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTION PROCESS ChangeINPUT MATERIALS PRODUCTS 2/ Technology change: > Replacing > Equipment modification > Optimal process conditions > Increased automation > Improved process control > Improved equipment lay-out

  16. IMPLEMENTASI CLEANER PRODUCTION WASTES & EMISSIONS Alternatif 3: Praktek pengoperasian yg baik OPERATION Improve equipment and process control New technology Improved management TECHNOLOGY Workers skills & process control PRODUCTION PROCESS ChangeINPUT MATERIALS PRODUCTS > Production scheduling > Energy management (peak shaving) > Maintenance programmes > Working instructions and procedures > Training and incentives program > Adequate process control operations > Proper maintenance and cleaning 3/ Improved operation practices:

  17. IMPLEMENTASI CLEANER PRODUCTION WASTES & EMISSIONS Alternatif 4: Modifikasi Produk OPERATION Improve equipment and process control New technology Improved management TECHNOLOGY Workers skills & process control PRODUCTION PROCESS ChangeINPUT MATERIALS PRODUCTSmodification 4/ Product modification: > Recycling friendly design > Product Life Extension > More efficient, less material intensive packaging > Reduction of harmful substances.

  18. IMPLEMENTASI CLEANER PRODUCTION WASTES & EMISSIONS Alternatif 5: Reuse and recycling OPERATION Improve equipment and process control New technology Improved management TECHNOLOGY Workers skills & process control PRODUCTION PROCESS ChangeINPUT MATERIALS PRODUCTSmodification 5/ On-site reuse and recycling: > On site recovery and re-use of raw materials in the process, waste water, waste heat and cooling water > Transforming waste into useful by-products > Waste segregation and storage Re-use and recycling

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