Growth of nationalism and sectionalism in art, literature and language

1. Growth of nationalism and sectionalism in art, literature and language

2. Growth of nationalism and sectionalism in art, literature and language • Conflict • Sectionalism • James Fennimore Cooper • Wrote many books, many of which depicted life on the American frontier. Some were focused around white people settling in Native American's land. • Style • Nationalism • Noah Webster (1758-1843)‏ • Published Webster’s dictionary, in this dictionary he modified the traditional British spelling, usage, and pronunciation of many words and made a distinctly American Language.

3. Growth of nationalism and sectionalism in art, literature, and language cont. • Nationalism cont. • Washington Irving(1783-1859)‏ • 1st US author to win international praise, gave “American” novels that would influence future writers. • Edgar Allen Poe(1809-1849)‏ • Achieved fame as an “American” poet, short story writer, and literary critic. • Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864)‏ • Wrote the scarlet letter, it depicted Puritan life in early New England.(America)‏

4. Growth of nationalism and sectionalism in art, literature, and language cont. • Nationalism cont. • James Fennimore Cooper (1789-1851)‏ • Wrote many books about “American” themes, they were considered the first truly “American” novels. • Hudson School of Artists • A group of artists that focused on more American themes/landscape, developed a uniquely “American” style of landscape painting. • Neoclassical Architecture • Imitated the ancient Greek and Roman architecture, and it showed the confidence that the young “Americans” had in their country.

5. Growth of nationalism and sectionalism in art, literature and language cont. • Nationalism cont. • Alex de Tocqueville • Wrote Democracy in America, and praised “America's” political system. • New Nationalists • The people of the new nation that felt a sense of nationalism due to the growth of culture in America. • Transcendentalism • Ralph Waldo Emerson • Famous member of the transcendentalist movement, he was an exquisite essayist and poet.

6. Growth of nationalism and sectionalism in art, literature and language cont. • Transcendentalism cont. • Henry David Thoreau • Another great leader of the transcendentalist movement, he was a writer as well as a philosopher.

7. Technological Advances and the United Stats Economy

8. Technological Advances and the United Stats Economy • Change • Nationalism • Nativism • Nativism was against immigration, because the immigrants would take the native's (people born in the U.S.) jobs. • Know- Nothings • A secret society built around the beliefs of Nativism. They were known as the Know- Nothings because when the members were asked about the society they would respond with “I know nothing”.

9. Technological Advances and the United Stats Economy cont. • Sectionalism • Eli Whitney • Invented the cotton gin, it was a device that increased the rate at which cotton could be produced. This lead to the south being called the “cotton kingdom". made the south agriculturally based while the north was more industrial. • Cotton Kingdom • A nickname for the south, used because the south was more agriculturally based while the north was more industrial. This “splitting” of the nation's work force segregated the nation into north and south.

10. Technological Advances and the United Stats Economy cont. • Slavery • Eli Whitney • Invented the cotton gin, this product relied heavily on slave labor. • Plantation System • Used large farms, which used many slaves to mass produce a cash crop. such as cotton)‏ • William Lloyd Garrison • A white leader in the Abolitionist Movement, founded The Liberator. • Fredrick Douglass • An escaped slave, he was the most prominent African-American speaker for the abolition of slavery.

11. Technological Advances and the United Stats Economy cont. • Innovation • Industrialization • Eli Whitney • Created the cotton gin, as well as interchangeable parts. Both of his inventions changed how America produced things.(cotton and producing machines and equipment)‏ • John Deere • invented the steel plow, revolutionized how society previously planted and farmed. • Cyrus McCormick • invented the Cyrus McCormick's reaper, changed harvesting for all of America.

12. Technological Advances and the United Stats Economy cont. • Industrialization cont. • 1st Industrial Revolution • `during the 18th century, when British manufacturers began to replace labor with machines. • Robert Fulton • Created the first working steam powered boat. It dramatically altered how people traveled. • Samuel F.B. Morse • Invented the telegraph, this changed how people communicated throughout America. • Interchangeable Parts • Interchangeable Parts • Created my Eli Whitney, they revolutionized how industries created their products.

13. Technological Advances and the United Stats Economy cont. • Internal Improvements • Erie Canal • Connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River. It changed the trade and travel routes in the north. • Internal Improvements • It is the act of bettering the infrastructure of a region or country.(ex canals, roads) • System • Factory System • Factory System • Used the lower classes and immigrants to work in industrialized factories. This was usually used up north

14. Technological Advances and the United Stats Economy cont. • Plantation System • Plantation System • Using large farms with many slaves to produce a cash crop. Usually used in the south.

15. Political Events, Issues, and Personalities that Contributed to Sectionalism and Nationalism

16. Political Events, Issues, and Personalities that Contributed to Sectionalism and Nationalism • Change • Nationalism • Monroe Doctrine • Stated that European countries could not interfere with the affairs of any countries in the New World. This kept European countries out of American affairs • Migration • Sectionalism • Henry Clay(1777-1852)‏ • Proposed what he called the American System. This system which used high tariffs which negatively affected the agriculturally centered south, because they could not sell their goods.

17. Political Events, Issues, and Personalities that Contributed to Sectionalism and Nationalism • Sectionalism cont. • American System • Proposed by Henry Clay, it involved tariffs, internal Improvements, and a strong national bank. This plan negatively affected the southern farmers. It also allowed people to borrow money and move west, but good things don't last forever and it ended up turning into The Panic of 1819. • The Panic of 1819 • A depression caused indirectly by the British recalling their loans to the American banks. (American banks recalled their loans to the people causing a rush to withdraw money.

18. Political Events, Issues, and Personalities that Contributed to Sectionalism and Nationalism • Sectionalism cont. • Tariff of Abomination • Was not appreciated by the southern farmers. It was a key issue that helped Jackson defeat Adams in 1828. • Nat Turners Rebellion • A rebellion lead by a slave named Nat Turner. The rebellion was over slavery, the topic that was splitting the nation into north and south.

19. Political Events, Issues, and Personalities that Contributed to Sectionalism and Nationalism • Conflict • State's Rights • McCulloch v. Maryland • Ruled that Congress had the power to operate a bank. (that previously was the state's job)‏ • South Carolina Nullification Crisis • A crisis during which South Carolina threatened to leave the union unless certain tariffs were repealed.(states lost the power of the Doctrine of Nullification)‏ • South Carolina Exposition and Protest. • Written by John Calhoun, argued for states rights such as the Doctrine of Nullification.

20. Political Events, Issues, and Personalities that Contributed to Sectionalism and Nationalism • State's Rights cont. • Election of 1832 • Renewed the national bank's charter, which took power from the state banks • Pet Banks • Jackson then moved a lot of the funds from the national bank to many state banks. This gave the state banks more power but caused inflation. • John C. Calhoun • Wrote the Exposition and Protest, was an avid supporter of the states power of nullification.

21. Political Events, Issues, and Personalities that Contributed to Sectionalism and Nationalism • Leadership • Jacksonian Democracy • Suffrage • The right to vote. While Jackson was in office this standard was lowered. • Whig Party • Opposed Jackson and his style of government. Got their name from the Whigs from England. • Election of 1840 • Harrison won, he was the Whigs candidate and was against Jackson and his style of government.

22. Political Events, Issues, and Personalities that Contributed to Sectionalism and Nationalism • Spoils System • Election of 1824 • Adams won with the support of Clay, Clay was given Secretary of State. It was called a “corrupt bargain” • “corrupt bargain” • Adams won the presidential election. Clay had given him support, so Adams gave Clay a high position. (secretary of state)‏ • Spoils System • When someone awards a high government job to friends or supporters.

23. Works Cited • Pictures • http://images.google.com/images?ndsp=20&um=1&hl=en&rlz=1T4ADBS_enUS249US250&q=gavel&start=0&sa=N • http://images.google.com/images?um=1&hl=en&rlz=1T4ADBS_enUS249US250&q=1st+industrial+revolution&btnG=Search+Images • http://images.google.com/images?um=1&hl=en&rlz=1T4ADBS_enUS249US250&q=literature&btnG=Search+Images