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Age of Jefferson

Explore the Election of 1800, Jefferson's presidency, and pivotal events like Marbury v. Madison and the Louisiana Purchase. Understand the political turmoil and achievements of the time.

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Age of Jefferson

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  1. Age of Jefferson • American Pageant Ch. 11

  2. Election of 1800 • Americans were unhappy about the Alien and Sedition Acts and federalism became more and more unpopular • Hamilton and Jefferson are particularly unhappy with Adams because of his avoidance of war with France • War preparations had been made, putting the nation further into debt and leaving Americans with an “all dressed up but nowhere to go” feeling • Adams ironically becomes known as the Father of the American Navy • Military preparations now seemed unnecessary and extravagant (people called the new navy “John Adams’s Jackasses”)

  3. Election of 1800 • Jefferson is accused of having a relationship with one of his slaves, Sally Hemmings and is opposed by clergy and Christians for his alleged atheism (fought for separation of church and state) • Read “Examining the Evidence” on page 213

  4. Election of 1800

  5. Election of 1800 • Jefferson wins when a few Federalists decide not to vote • They were hoping for moderation from Jefferson that they knew Burr would not provide

  6. Election of 1800 • “Revolution of 1800” • Jefferson and Aaron Burr both get 73 electoral votes; Adams gets 65 • Matter has to be settled in Congress • Jefferson only wins when a few Federalists decided not to vote • Called a revolution because of the peaceful transition between political parties

  7. Jefferson as President • VP: Aaron Burr • Democratic Republicans win control of Congress and most state elections • Jefferson allows the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire • Cuts taxes and reduces national debt from $80 million to $57 million • Did so by making cuts in the military, simplifying government bureaucracy, benefits from customs revenue as international trade increased, families that moved west were buying federal land • Ultimate goal was to have US expand to the Pacific Aaron Burr

  8. Jefferson as President • Moderation • Other than the excise tax, Jefferson left Hamilton’s fiscal framework alone • “easier to condemn from the stump than to govern consistently”

  9. Jefferson as President • “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”

  10. Marbury v. Madison • Supreme Court has final say in constitutionality • Established judicial review

  11. Louisiana Purchase • 1800 – France acquires Louisiana from Spain • New Orleans • Robert Livingston and James Monroe • Purchase for up to $10 million • 1803 - Napoleon offers to sell all of Louisiana • $11.25 million • Assume French debt (3.75 million) • Total: $15 million • Meriwether Lewis and William Clark (1805-1806) • Purposes • Map the Missouri River • Northwest Passage • Scientific study • Sacagawea

  12. Barbary Pirates Forced Jefferson to reverse opposition of military force

  13. Embargo Act 1807

  14. Wrap it up… PRACTICE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS • These questions will NOT be on your unit 3 exam. They are simply designed to help you practice answering AP style multiple choice questions.

  15. When answering AP multiple choice questions… • Use process of elimination (identify the answers that you know without a shadow of a doubt are absolutely incorrect.) • Ex. Which of the following was a Confederate state? • Georgia • New York • Candy Land • Pennsylvania • Nebraska • Choose the most correct answer. There is only one correct answer for each question.

  16. 1. Thomas Jefferson opposed some of Alexander Hamilton’s programs because Jefferson believed that • The common bond of a substantial national debt would serve to unify different states • The French alliance threatened to spread the violence of the French Revolution to America • The federal government should encourage manufacturing and industry • Hamilton’s programs were weakening the military strength of the nation • Hamilton’s programs favored wealthy financial interests

  17. CORRECT ANSWER… • E. Hamilton’s programs favored wealthy financial interests • Why is this the correct answer?

  18. 2. The election of 1800 has been referred to as constituting “another revolution” because • The House of Representatives decided the election • A Supreme Court decision was required to dislodge the Federalists • Voter turnout increased dramatically • The party in power stepped down after losing the election • Force was required to get John Adams to leave the White House

  19. CORRECT ANSWER… • D. the party in power stepped down after losing the election • Why is this the correct answer?

  20. 3. In the 1790s political conflict between T.Jeff and A.Ham, T.Jeff would have been more likely to • Take a narrow (strict) view on the Constitution • favor Britain over France in European wars • Favor establishment of a national bank • Win the cooperation of Presidents Washington and Adams • Oppose the efforts of Citizen Genet in America

  21. CORRECT ANSWER… • A. Take a narrow (strict) view on the Constitution • How do we know this answer is correct?

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