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INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY

INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY. Dr. Asaad AL-SHOUK M.D.PH.D. Department of Anatomy. No man should marry until he has studied anatomy and dissected at least one woman Honore de Balzac French novelist & play writer. An Overview of Anatomy. Anatomy :

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INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY Dr. Asaad AL-SHOUK M.D.PH.D. Department of Anatomy

  2. No man should marry until he has studied anatomy and dissected at least one woman Honore de Balzac French novelist & play writer

  3. An Overview of Anatomy • Anatomy: • It is derived from the Greek word (ana– tome) which mean "to cut apart", or dissection which is the separation of the body into its parts. In general, Anatomy is the study of body structures and its functions. • It is one of the oldest basic medical sciences • Anatomical terminology from ancient Greek and Latin

  4. History of Anatomy • The study of anatomy begins at least as early as 1600 BC, in Egypt • Greek Advances in Anatomy as 300BC • Hippocrates- 3rd century BC • Aristotle 4thcentury BC • Galen- 2nd century • İbniSina10thcentury • Leonardo da Vinci- 15thcentury • Vesalius- 16thcentury

  5. Anatomical Organization • The body is composed of four basic tissues: epithelium, connective tissue, muscle and nerve. Every part of the body can only be made of one or more of these four elements. • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ Systems • Organism

  6. Divisions of Anatomy • Gross Anatomy • Structures that can be seen with the eye • Muscles, bones, various organs • Microscopic Anatomy • Structures that cannot be seen with the eye • Need to use a microscope • Cytology = study of cells • Histology = study of tissues

  7. Ways to Study Anatomy • Regional Anatomy – study one region of the body at a time and learn everything about the region • Systemic Anatomy – study one body system at a time. • comparative anatomy. • surgical anatomy. • clinical anatomy. • surface anatomy. • sectional anatomy. • radiologic anatomy. • artistic anatomy. • sport anatomy.

  8. Organ Systems • Integumentary • Skeletal • Muscular • Nervous • Endocrine • Cardiovascular • Lymphatic/immune • Respiratory • Digestive • Urinary • Reproductive

  9. Anatomical Position A common visual reference point • Person stands erect with feet together and eyes forward • Palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from the body

  10. Body planes and sections - cut into sections along a flat surface called a plane (also called coronal) (also called XS – cross section)

  11. Body Planes and Sections • Coronal (frontal) plane - Lies vertically and divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts • Sagittal plane – lies vertically and divides the body into left and right sides. • Median (midsagittal) plane - Specific sagittal plane that lies vertically in the midline • Transverse plane - runs horizontally and divides body into superior (up) and inferior (down) parts

  12. Body Planes and Sections

  13. Body Planes and Sections • Oblique section through the trunk Figure 1.6

  14. AnatomicalTerminology • TERMS WHICH DESCRIBE RELATION & COMPARISON. • TERMS WHICH DESCRIBE MOVEMENT

  15. Relation& Comparison • SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) • INFERIOR (CAUDAL) • ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) • POSTERIOR (DORSAL) • MEDIAL • LATERAL • MEDIAN • PROXIMAL (SUP.) • DISTAL (INF.) • SUPERFICIAL • INTERMEDIATE • PROFUNDUS (DEEP) • DORSUM • PALMAR • PLANTAR

  16. Axis An axis is the imaginary line about which the movement takes place • Vertical • Sagittal • Horizontal

  17. Movement • FLEXION • EXTENTION • DORSIFLEXION (EXT.) • PLANTAR FLEXION (FLEX.) • ADDUCTION • ABDUCTION • CIRCUMDUCTION • ROTATION: • 1) MEDIAL ROTATION (PRONATION) • 2) LATERAL ROTATION (SUPINATION) • ELEVATION (LIFT) • DEPRESSION (LOWER)

  18. Orientation and Directional Terms

  19. Orientation and Directional Terms

  20. Orientation and Directional Terms

  21. Regional Terms

  22. Regional Terms

  23. Body Cavities and Membranes • Dorsal body cavity • Cavity subdivided into the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity. • Cranial cavity houses the brain. • Vertebral cavity runs through the vertebral column and encloses the spinal cord

  24. Body Cavities and Membranes • Ventral body cavity – subdivided into: • Thoracic cavity – divided into three parts • Two lateral parts each containing a lung surrounded by a pleural cavity • Mediastinum – contains the heart surrounded by the pericardial sac

  25. Body Cavities and Membranes • Ventral body cavity • Abdominopelvic cavity – divided into two parts • Abdominal cavity – contains the liver, stomach, kidneys, and other organs • Pelvic cavity – contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum

  26. Body Cavities and Membranes • Serous cavities – a slit-like space lined by a serous membrane • Pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum • Parietal serosa – outer wall of the cavity • Visceral serosa covers the visceral organs

  27. Body Cavities and Membranes

  28. Other Body Cavities • Oral cavity • Nasal cavity • Orbital cavities • Middle ear cavities • Synovial cavities

  29. Anatomy isdestiny Sigmund FreudAustrian neurologist who became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis THANK YOU

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