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French Revolution of 1789 - Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

Explore the impact of Enlightenment ideas, the French Declaration of the Rights of Man, and the evolution from monarchy to democratic despotism to Napoleonic empire. Learn about the causes, events, and key figures of the revolution that reshaped France. Dive into the National Assembly, the Storming of the Bastille, the Reign of Terror, and the principles that influenced Europe and South America. Understand why studying the French Revolution is crucial for understanding modern democracy and nationalism.

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French Revolution of 1789 - Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

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  1. French Revolution1789-1815 Chapter 7 Standard 10.2.1 Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions. Standard 10.2.2 List the principles of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen Standard 10.2.4 Explain how the ideology of the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire.

  2. What is an unjust government?

  3. What would lead you to take part in a violent revolution?

  4. Why study the French Revolution? • Enlightenment ideals of “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

  5. Why study the French Revolution? • Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen

  6. Why study the French Revolution? • The Reign of Terror is a warning of democratic despotism!

  7. Why study the French Revolution? • The storming of the Bastille is a symbol of the power of popular resistance

  8. Why study the French Revolution? • Spread the ideas of Democracyand Nationalism

  9. Why study the French Revolution? • The Spanish used guerrilla warfare against the French

  10. Why study the French Revolution? • The Napoleonic Code influenced the legal systems of Europe and South America

  11. Section 1 The French Revolution Begins

  12. Causes of French Revolution

  13. Old Regime Estate Louis XVI Marie Antoinette Estates-General National Assembly Tennis Court Oath Great Fear Terms and Names

  14. The Old Order • Under the Old Regime, France was divided into 3 estates

  15. The Privileged Estates • 1st Estate- Roman Catholic Church • 2nd Estate- Nobles • They don’t have to pay taxes • They get the best jobs!

  16. 3rd Estate (97% of the population) • Bourgeoisie- middle class Bankers, merchants, skilled artisans. They are wealthy and educated yet, still had to pay taxes! • City Workers- laborers, servants • Peasants- poor farmers. They pay taxes to the nobles, king and the Church.

  17. Forces of Change I. Enlightenment Ideas II. Economic Troubles III. A Weak Leader

  18. I. Enlightenment Ideas • Success of American Revolution • Ideas of Rousseau, Voltaire • Equality, Liberty, Democracy • (Which Estate do you think would embrace these ideas?)

  19. II. Economic Troubles • Taxes, taxes, taxes…… • Shortage of grain, the price of bread doubles! • Government spends too much • Government borrowed money to help the American Revolution.

  20. III. A Weak Leader • Louis XVI and • Marie Antoinette • They spent too much money and made poor government decisions • His solution was to • Tax the Nobility !

  21. Estates-General • An assembly of representatives of all three estates. • Each estate gets one vote. (Do you see a problem with this?) • They met on May 5, 1789 for the first time in 175 years.

  22. Meeting of Estates-General What was the purpose of this 1st meeting?

  23. Dawn of the Revolution I. The National Assembly II. Storming the Bastille

  24. I. National Assembly • The 3rd estate wanted all representatives to each have one vote • King says “NO” • Speech by Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes • June 17, 1789 they rename themselves the National Assembly

  25. National Assembly, cont. • They agree to pass laws and reforms for France • The king locks them out of their meeting room. This leads to the Tennis Court Oath- promise to create a constitution

  26. Bastille Day July 14, 1789

  27. July-August 1789 Peasants attack homes of nobles Great Fear

  28. October 1789 women riot over the price of bread and demand that Louis and Marie return to Paris!!!

  29. Sec. I Review [DO NOW] • List the 3 estates • Why did the King call a meeting of the 3 estates? • What was unfair about the voting process? • What was the Tennis Court Oath? • What happened on Bastille Day? • Why did the women riot?

  30. Section 2 Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

  31. Legislative Assembly Émigré Sans-culotte Jacobin Guillotine Robespierre Reign of Terror Terms and Names

  32. The Assembly Reforms France Rights of Man State Controlled Church Louis Tries to Escape

  33. I. The Rights of Man • August 4, 1789 – nobles join the National Assembly and make the common people of France equal to the 1st and 2nd estate. • What made the 1st and 2nd estate change their minds? • This joining of forces leads to the • Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

  34. Declaration of Rights of Man

  35. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen • “Men are born and remain free and equal” • “liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression” • Freedom of speech and religion • Slogan of the French Revolution is • Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

  36. Does the Declaration apply to Women? • Olympe de Gouges- publishes a declaration of the rights of women • Her ideas are rejected • Executed in 1793

  37. II. State-Controlled Church • Assembly takes over Church property • Priests were to be elected and paid by the state • Church land sold to pay off debt • These actions towards the Roman Catholic Church offends many of the peasants and they refuse to join the Revolution

  38. III. Louis Tries to Escape • June 1791- Louis and his family tried to escape to the Austrian Netherlands. • However, he is caught and this further enrages the revolutionaries

  39. Divisions Develop A Limited Monarchy Factions Split France

  40. Limited Monarchy • September 1791- new Constitution is written. • France is now a constitutional monarchy! • Legislative Assembly is created which has the power to pass laws and declare war. • The king’s job is to enforce the laws

  41. II. Factions Split France • Radicals (sit on the left)- oppose monarchy • Moderates (sit in center)- desire some changes • Conservatives (sit on the right)- desire very few changes • The terms we use today to describe where people stand politically comes from the French Legislative Assembly

  42. II. Factions, continued • Émigrés- nobles who fled France and hope to restore the monarchy • Sans-culottes are workers from Paris who wanted extreme change

  43. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity War and Execution France at War Jacobins Take Control War Continues

  44. I. France at War • France declares war on Austria and Prussia • A mob kills guards and imprisons the royal family • September Massacres- radicals kill priests, nobles and anyone against revolution • National Convention- abolishes the monarchy, declares France a republic, and all adult males can vote. Sorry, ladies are still left out.

  45. Map of Europe

  46. September Massacres

  47. Jean Paul Marat II. Jacobins Take Control George Danton

  48. Louis XVI found guilty of treason and sentenced to the guillotine July 21, 1793

  49. Louis XVI Executed !

  50. III. War Continues • Great French victory at Battle of Valmy • Britain, Holland, and Spain join the war against France • France needs soldiers and institutes a military draft of all men between 18 and 40

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