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Naming Organic Molecules

Naming Organic Molecules. Naming Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons are molecules made from carbon and hydrogen. Methane. Propane. Butane. Ethane. Naming Hydrocarbons. Naming hydrocarbons: 5 Rules.

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Naming Organic Molecules

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  1. Naming Organic Molecules

  2. Naming Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons are molecules made from carbon and hydrogen. Methane Propane Butane Ethane

  3. Naming Hydrocarbons

  4. Naming hydrocarbons: 5 Rules • Identify the longest continuous carbon chain (the parent chain), which may or may not be shown in a straight line, and name the chain. pentane hexane

  5. Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain from the end of the nearest substituent • (alkyl group). 1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 6 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 2 5 1 6

  6. 5 4 3 2 1 one word 6 3 4 5 hyphen 2 1 • If only one alkyl group is present, name and locate it (by number), and attach the number and name to that of the parent chain. 2-methylpentane 3-methylhexane

  7. Alkyl group naming – Change “ane” to “yl” when the substituent is an alkyl group.

  8. 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 • If two or more of the same kind of alkyl group are present in a molecule, indicate the number with a Greek numerical prefix (di, tri, tetra, penta…). In addition, a number specifying the location of each identical group must be included. These position numbers, separated by commas, precede the numerical prefix. Numbers are separated from by hyphens. 2,4-dimethylpentane 3,3-dimethylpentane

  9. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 • When two kinds of alkyl groups are present on the same carbon chain, number each group separately, and list the names of the alkyl groups in alphabetical order. 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane 3-ethyl-4,5-dipropyloctane di, tri… doesn’t count for alphabetizing…

  10. 6 6 7 7 8 8 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 Example 7-methyl 2-methyl 4-ethyl 2,7-dimethyl E M 4-ethyl-2,7-dimethyloctane

  11. Beyond Hydrocarbons: Other Functional Groups

  12. Functional Groups A. Multiple Bonds Single Bond Double Bond Triple Bond Ethane Ethene Ethyne “Ethylene” “Acetylene”

  13. B. Halides Ethyl Chloride Ethyl Fluoride Ethyl Iodide Ethyl Bromide

  14. C. Alcohols and Ethers Ethyl Alcohol Diethyl Ether “Ether” “Ethanol”

  15. D. Aldehydes and Ketones Ethanal Dimethyl Ketone “Acetaldehyde” “Acetone”

  16. E. Carboxylic Acids and Esters Ethanoic Acid Ethyl Acetate “Acetic Acid”

  17. F. Amines Diethyl Amine Ethyl Amine Triethyl Amine

  18. G. Amides “Acetamide”

  19. H. Thiols and Disulfides Ethanethiol Diethyl disulfide

  20. III. R-Groups are “Generics” Carboxylic Acid Halide Ester Alcohol Ether Amine Aldehyde Amide Thiol Ketone Disulfide

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