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ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR. Timeline by Ye Jung K . MAGNA CARTA. Latin for “Great Charter”, also known as “Magna Carta Libertatum ” or “The Great Charter of the Liberties of England”. Originally issued in Latin in 1215. The Magna Carta was written to control England’s tyrant – King John of England

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ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

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  1. ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Timeline by Ye Jung K.

  2. MAGNA CARTA • Latin for “Great Charter”, also known as “Magna CartaLibertatum” or “The Great Charter of the Liberties of England”. • Originally issued in Latin in 1215. • The Magna Carta was written to control England’s tyrant – King John of England • The Magna Carta forbids monarchs to make decisions only based on their personal opinion or feelings, required the king/queen to proclaim certain liberties and freedoms, and stated that people could only be punished according to the law, and not just by his or her own judgment.

  3. THE TEST ACT • The Test Acts were a series of English penal laws that served as a religious test for public office and imposed various civil disabilities on Roman Catholics and Nonconformists. • The principle was people professing the Established Church were eligible for public employment, and the severe penalties pronounced against recusants, whether Catholic or Nonconformist, were affirmations of this principle.

  4. JAMES I • Born June 19, 1566; Died March 27, 1625. • Was King James VI of Scotland from July 24, 1567, a year after he was born, and then became King James I of England and Ireland on March 24, 1603. He was King of all 3 countries until his death. • Believed in the Divine Right of Kings • Succeeded Queen Elizabeth I as England’s monarch after she died, ending the reign of the Tudors; the Stuarts have ascended onto the throne. • Started the witch hunts in England. • Selfish; tyrant; always trying to get money and enforcing harsh creeds… many arguments with the parliament.

  5. DIVINE RIGHT of KINGS • The Divine Right of Kings was introduced by James VI of Scotland / James I of England from 1597 to 1598. • King James VI was originally the King of Scotland, where the Divine Right of Kings was under power, and when he became King James I of England, he brought the Divine Right of the Kings to England, too. • A political and religious doctrine enforcing that the monarch of a country has absolute dictatorship over their kingdom/empire. • Also states that the king/queen is subject to no earthly authority, that they rule directly from the will of God. • Monarchs could do whatever they pleased without restrictions and/or interruptions from political or religious authorities.

  6. CHARLES I • Born November 19, 1600; Died January 30, 1649 • Was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland • Like his father, James I, Charles believed in the Divine Right of the Kings • He lived a lavish and flamboyant life, as a result, he was always short of money. • Had struggles and conflicts with the Parliament. (Also had religious conflicts.) • Desperate to get money without the Parliament, he brought back ship money and other taxes, stating cruel/harsh punishments to those who refused.

  7. Charles I - Continued • Was a tyrant; put his riches and desires before the needs of his subjects. • His wife was Henrietta Maria of France, who was Roman Catholic. The people feared that Charles would force the ways of Catholics upon them. • He had many wars with other countries (he lost most of them) and he had a civil war (with the Royalists on his side) against the Parliament/Roundheads. Ultimately, the Roundheads won. • Charles I was charged of treason for using his power to pursue his personal gain instead of the good of the people, and executed on January 30, 1649.

  8. PETITION of RIGHTS Parliamentary declaration of the rights and liberties of the people, assented to by Charles I in the beginning of his reign (1628), and considered a constitutional document second in importance only to Magna Charta. The petition demanded: 1) that no freeman should be forced to pay any tax, loan, or benevolence, unless in accordance with an act of parliament; 2) that no freeman should be imprisoned contrary to the laws of the land; 3) that soldiers and sailors should not be billeted on private persons; 4) commissions to punish soldiers and sailors by martial law should be abolished.

  9. CHARLES INVADES PARLIAMENT ._. • Without the Parliament’s permission, he made many foolish decisions, like attacking Scotland. • He even had the nerve to invade the Parliament itself.

  10. SHORT PARLIAMENT • With no money left to support his army against the Scots, Charles I recalled Parliament because of the advice of Lord Wentworth, recently created Earl of Strafford. • The Short Parliament brought Charles I’s Personal Rule to an end. • It is called the SHORT parliament because it lasted 3 weeks (April 13 to May 5, 1640.) • Charles I put an end to Short Parliament, which was followed by the Long Parliament(next slide)

  11. LONG PARLIAMENT • Long Parliament (November 3, 1640) this was then called by Charles I, 6 months after he had dissolved the short Parliament. • It was named as such due to the fact that it could only been dissolved with the agreement of the members, something they did not do until 1660. • It sat from 1640 to 1649, when the Rump Parliament replaced it, due to the Cromwell's removal of a large number of the parliamentarians. Then it was revived in 1658 with the same members from pre-1649, and went until 1660.

  12. THE CIVIL WAR • The poor decisions of Charles I led to the English Civil War. He desperately tried to get money without the Parliament’s help, creating harsh rules and cruel punishments, until the Parliament and the people had enough. • The English Civil War (1642 – 1651) was a series (3) of armed disputes and violent conflicts between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) vs. Royalists (Cavaliers). Roundheads were on the parliament’s side, while on the contrary, Royalists were on King Charles I’s side. • The first (1642 – 1646) and second (1648 – 1649) civil wars were fights between supporters of King Charles I and supporters of the Long Parliament. The third war (1649 – 1651) was a fight between supporters of King Charles II and the Rump Parliament. • The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on September 3, 1651). • The Civil War resulted in the beheading of Charles I, and the exile of Charles II.

  13. THE NEW MODEL ARMY • Created in February of 1645 by Parliament as it felt that a professional army would be far more sufficient and successful than the King’s army. • Used for the English Civil War; on the Parliament’s side. Victorious over the King’s army many times. • A military force based on a person’s ability rather than their place in society. The New Model Army was open to new ideas and did not care about your social place; social class means nothing. • The New Model Army wore light clothing, based on light armed cavalry, and their main aspect and weapon was speed. They avoided full plated armor as it would slow down their horses. Their tactic was to startle the enemy with a speedy surprise attack, then hit them hard and efficiently, then move on. Easy as that.

  14. THE RUMP PARLIAMENT • The Rump Parliament is the English Parliament after Colonel Pride purged the Long Parliament on December 6, 1648 of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason. • “Rump” means the hind end of an animal, so the term Rump Parliament was used to describe the parliament that was left over from the legitimate Long Parliament. • There were an estimated 210 members • Members were either professional lawyers who opposed the reformation of the English Legal System or people highly concerned about the safety and needs of England.

  15. TRIAL OF CHARLES I • Charged of treasons, murders, rapines, burnings, spoils, desolations, damages and mischief. • Asked to pleased 3 times, but he refused. Therefore, he could not call witnesses to his case. • To all his charges, threats, and pleas, Charles answered, "I would know by what power I am called hither, by what lawful authority...?" • Charles’ silence was a sign of admittance of guilt, and he was declared guilty at a public session and sentenced to death on July 27, 1649. • He was beheaded infront of England on July 30, 1649.

  16. THE LORD PROTECTOR • Lord Protector is a title that has been used in British constitutional law for heads of state. • It is also a particular title for the British heads of state in respect to the established church. • It is sometimes used to render in English other posts of temporary regent, acting for the absent monarchic head of state. • The Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland was the title of the head of state during the Commonwealth. The title was held by Oliver Cromwell in December 1653 – September 1658 and his son Richard Cromwell in September 1658 –May 1659 during what is now known as The Protectorate.

  17. THE RESTORATION • A period of time in which the English monarchy was restored. • The English, Scottish, and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II. • New laws were created, the army was renewed, religion and the Church were restored, with even more laws to back them up. The parliament was also restored, and Charles II agreed to work with the Parliament. • Charles II, coming back from exile, was the first monarch to rule after the Restoration.

  18. THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION • The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 • By a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) • As a result, he ascended the English throne as William III of England.

  19. BILL OF RIGHTS • The Bill of Rights is an Act of the English Parliament that was passed on December 16, 1689. • The Bill of Rights limits the power of the monarch(s) and declares the rights of the Parliament. • Rights of the Parliament states on the Bill of Rights includes the parliament’s freedom of speech, a requirement to regularly host elections for members to the Parliament, and the right to petition the monarch without fear of torture, arrest, and/or retribution. • Monarchs are forbidden to interfere with the decisions and elections of the Parliament, no taxes without the consult of the Parliament, no abuse of power over the people, no standing army allowed to be consulted during a time of peace, and no assigning overly cruel or harsh punishments without the Parliament’s agreement.

  20. BLUE LAWS • A blue law is a type of law specifically designed to encourage or enforce religious standards, especially stating the day of rest or worship. • Apparently they are written on blue pieces of paper. • Charles II removed the blue laws during his reign.

  21. WORKS CITED http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689 http://www.constitution.org/eng/magnacar.htm http://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/367/367-04.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/new_model_army.htm http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon46.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_(England) http://www.royal.gov.uk/historyofthemonarchy/kingsandqueensoftheunitedkingdom/thestuarts/charlesi.aspx http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/glossary/rump-parliament.htm http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/petitionofright.htm And various other wikipedia sources

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