English Civil War

1. English Civil War Short Answers

2. How did economics play a role in the English Civil War? (4) • James I and Charles spent much of the parliament’s money on partying. • Charles I implemented many taxes that were not discussed with the parliament (illegal) • Taxes: Tonnage and poundage, ship money, billeted soldiers. • Charles and the court of star chamber. People were illegally tied and fined. • Began a war with Scotland when England was not doing poorly financially. This angered the parliament. • The Parliament’s army won due to finances. They had control of the prosperous areas in England. • The unequal financial situation among the three classes play a very little role in the English Civil War. The war was between the parliament and the king. Not the lower class against the upper class.

3. Explain the role that Oliver Cromwell played during the English Civil War? (4) • General of the New Model Army • Defeated the Royalists. • Crushed rebellions in Scotland and Ireland • He dismantled the Rump Parliament • He became the Lord Protector of England. • Blue Laws: No dancing, no gambling, no theatre, sports, etc. • He was a puritan.

4. In what ways did the monarchs of England cause the English Civil War? (Be specific; be sure to identify the monarch you are referring to) (6) • James I and Charles I : Divine right of kings philosophy. • They both spend the taxes on parties. • They both refused to call parliamentary meetings. • Charles I implemented illegal taxes: tonnage, poundage, ship money, billeting soldiers, court of star chamber. • Charles I also forbid many rights such as freedom of speech and religion. Many puritans fled to North America. • Charles I attacked the parliament with the his army. They were aided by the Scots. • Charles I did not follow the petition of right. • Charles II and James II were catholic and want them in high positions of authority. • Oliver Cromwell is not a Monarch.

5. What is the significance of the English Civil War? In other words why is it important? (Think of how and why it stated and what the end result was) (3) • Gave rise to a more democratic rule • It began as an absolute monarchy • It ended in a constitutional monarchy • This gave way to the bill of rights, which the Canadian constitution is based upon. • There was more limited power. • Military act – illegal for an army to form without consent of parliament • The Triennial Act – parliament must sit every three years. • Act of settlement – parliament decides who would inherit the throne if the king or queen did not produce a heir.

6. How were Scotland and Ireland affected by the English Civil War? (3) • Scotland was attacked by Charles because of their Presbyterian beliefs. • Scotland and Ireland were crushed by Cromwell’s armies. • Ireland was attacked by William of Orange because they protested his Protestant rule. • Ireland was catholic.

7. Was the English Civil war caused due to poor leadership or was it due to a flawed system? (Absolute Monarchy) Explain your answer. (3) • Your choice, I marked how you supported your answer: • Flawed system: too much power leads to corruption. Examples of corruption, Charles and the illegal taxes. The belief of the divine right of kings. Spending money on parities etc. • Poor Leadership: The monarchs were poor leaders because…Banning of basic human rights (speech and religion), spending money wisely, starting a war with Scotland etc..

8. What was the Glorious Revolution? (3) • James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by William of Orange and his wife Marry. • It led to a constitutional monarchy. • Military act – illegal for an army to form without consent of parliament • The Triennial Act – parliament must sit every three years. • Act of settlement – parliament decides who would inherit the throne if the king or queen did not produce a heir. • It also led to the bill of rights. • End of an absolute monarchy.