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OD ATOMOV DO IONOV

OD ATOMOV DO IONOV.

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OD ATOMOV DO IONOV

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  1. OD ATOMOV DO IONOV Atomi, ki nimajo polno zasedene zunanje lupine, sprejemajo ali oddajajo zunanje elektrone. Tako preidejo v stabilno stanje. Atomi, ki imajo na zunanji lupini enega, dva ali tri zunanje elektrone, jih oddajo in postanejo pozitivno nabiti. Atomi, ki imajo na zunanji lupini pet, šest ali sedem zunanjih elektronov, da napolnijo lupino, sprejmejo tri, dva ali en zunanji elektron. Postanejo negativno nabiti delci. Pozitivno in negativno nabite delce imenujemo ioni.

  2. NASTANEK KATIONOV • Če nevtralni atom odda elektrone, nastane pozitivno nabiti ion – KATION. Naboj iona zapišemo ob simbolu desno zgoraj.

  3. NASTANEK ANIONOV • Če nevtralni atom sprejme elektrone, nastane negativno nabiti ion – ANION. • Naboj iona zapišemo ob simbolu desno zgoraj.

  4. Li → Li+ + 1e− (litijev ion) Mg → Mg2+ + 2e− (magnezijev ion) Al → Al3+ + 3e− (aluminijev ion) N + 3e− → N3− (nitridni ion) O + 2e− → O2− (oksidni ion) F + 1e− → F−(fluoridni ion) PRIMERI ANIONOV IN KATIONOV

  5. http://www.osbos.si/e-kemija/e-gradivo/3-sklop/utrjevanje2.htmlhttp://www.osbos.si/e-kemija/e-gradivo/3-sklop/utrjevanje2.html Reši naloge, ki jih najdeš na internetni strani

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